Building _____Chemistry 091____________________
Room(s) ____0230, 0233, 0224
Department _Geology and ESSIC____
Signoff Sheet Not Shown
Table
of Contents
POLICY STATEMENT . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 1
EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4
(to
be completed by the Laboratory Supervisor)
CHEMICAL
HYGIENE PLAN ROSTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
(to
be completed by the Laboratory Supervisor)
DUTIES
AND RESPONSIBILITIES: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
LABORATORY SUPERVISOR OR PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL HYGIENE (BACH) COMMITTEE
INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHERS AND LABORATORY USERS
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
MEDICAL
CONSULTATION AND EXAMINATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 10
IDENTIFICATION
OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 13
INFORMATION
AND TRAINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
EXPOSURE
MONITORING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
LABORATORY
SAFETY GUIDE AND REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 19
29 CFR
1910.1450
(Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories) . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . Appendix I
29 CFR
1910.1200 (OSHA Hazard Communication excerpts) . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . Appendix II
(Appendix A - Health Hazard Definitions)
(Appendix B - Hazard Determination)
UM
FIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix III
UM WORKERS' COMPENSATION REPORTING
PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix IV
(Not Shown) Available from the Department of Environmental Safety or from
the
STANDARD
OPERATING PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . Appendix V
(to
be supplied by the Laboratory Supervisor)
CHEMICAL
INVENTORY AND MATERIAL SAFETY DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Appendix VI
(to
be supplied by the Laboratory Supervisor)
A.Purpose.
This is a statement of official University policy to establish the process for compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation "Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories."
B. Policy.
The University is dedicated to providing safe and healthy laboratory facilities for students and employees, and complying with federal and state occupational health and safety standards. Laboratory administrators, managers, faculty, staff and students all share responsibility for minimizing their exposure to hazardous chemical substances which, for purposes of this policy, shall be defined as chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic systems, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall be implemented for all facilities at the University of Maryland at College Park where the referenced hazardous chemicals are handled or used under all of the following conditions: (i) chemical manipulations are performed in containers designed to be easily and safely manipulated by one person; (ii) multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used; and (iii) demonstrably effective laboratory practices and equipment are available and in common use to minimize the potential for employee exposure to hazardous chemicals.
The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall be reviewed and evaluated for its effectiveness at least annually, and updated as necessary.
C. Responsibilities.
Department of Environmental Safety shall:
(a) Provide a Chemical Hygiene Officer to develop and coordinate administration of the UM Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP);
(b) Prepare the CHP with annual review and revisions as needed;
(c) Distribute CHP to each affected department for each Laboratory Supervisor or Principal Investigator (LS/PI);
(d) Provide consultation, worksite monitoring (sampling), advisory assistance and information concerning use of hazardous materials;
(e) Investigate, document and report to the BACH Committee, significant chemical exposure or contamination incidents;
(f) Collect and dispose of hazardous, radioactive and other regulated wastes;
(g) Direct periodic laboratory safety audits to determine regulatory compliance, and recommend action to correct conditions generating release of toxic chemicals;
(h) Provide training to all laboratory workers concerning:
Provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan;
Physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area;
Measures to protect employees from chemical hazards;
Signs and symptoms associated with hazardous chemical exposure;
Location of reference materials on the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of laboratory chemicals;
The contents of the OSHA standard and its appendices;
The permissible exposure limits (PELs) for OSHA regulated substances or recommended exposure limits if no PEL is listed; and
The methods and observations used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical.
Laboratory Supervisors/Principal Investigators (LS/PI) shall:
(a) Implement all provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan for laboratory facilities under their control;
(b) Prepare an alphabetired inventory of all hazardous chemical substances in laboratory facilities under their control;
(c) Prepare laboratory-specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to include work practices, protective equipment, engineering controls, emergency procedures and waste disposal procedures;
(d) Demarcate and indicate on SOP all areas designated for the use of select carcinogens, reproductive toxins and acute toxins;
(e) Train laboratory workers regarding the specific practices and provisions contained in the laboratory SOP; and
(f) Comply with necessary documentation requirements.
Biological and Chemical Hygiene (BACH) Committee shall:
Review and approve all aspects of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and provide technical guidance for implementation of campus policy concerning chemical and biological safety.
University Health Center shall:
(a) Coordinate and direct all required or recommended medical surveillance programs;
(b) Provide medical consultations and examinations for laboratory workers who have been overexposed, or suspect overexposure, to hazardous chemical substances; and
(c) Maintain medical records relating to consultations, examinations and medical surveillance as required by law.
Individual Researchers and Laboratory Users shall:
(a) Adhere to the requirements of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and SOPs;
(b) Complete all safety training requirements and comply with documentation procedures; and
(c) Report all workplace injuries, chemical exposure incidents or unsafe conditions to their LS/PI as soon as possible.
D. Information
Assistance will be provided by the Department of Environmental Safety to any Department requesting guidance or training to satisfy implementation of this policy.
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UM Emergency (FIRE - POLICE - RESCUE) - 24 hour # 911
CALL IMMEDIATELY FOR ANY EMERGENCY INCLUDING
INJURED OR SICK PERSON, CHEMICAL SPILL OR FIRE
Environmental Safety (Main Office) (40)5-3960
(Industrial Hygiene, Hazardous Waste Management,
Fire Protection, Hazard Communication, Safety
Education)
Chemical Hygiene Officer (40)5-3980
(Program Consultation and Administration)
Biological Safety (40)5-3960
(Biological Safety, Regulated Pathogen Consultation)
Radiation Safety (40)5-3985
(Health Physics, Radioactive Materials Procurement)
University Health Center Occupational Health (31)4-8172
(Medical Consultation and Evaluation)
Workers' Compensation Office (31)4-8171
Facilities Management Work Control (40)5-2222
(Repair of Facility Equipment Deficiencies, e.g.,
fume hoods, emergency eyewashes,
ventilation, etc.)
|
Laboratory Supervisors(s): |
Business-hours # |
After-hours # |
|
James Farquhar |
5-5043 |
3018640653 |
|
Jay Kaufman________ |
_______________ |
________________ |
|
Laboratory Personnel: |
Business-hours # |
After-hours # |
|
Sang-Tae Kim_ |
5-2407 |
_____301 408 3837___________ |
|
|
|
________________ |
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UM SAFETY OFFICER:
(40)5-3965
Director
Dept.
of Environmental Safety
UM CHEMICAL HYGIENE OFFICER:
(40)5-3980
Industrial
Hygienist
Dept.
of Environmental Safety
UM BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
OFFICER: (40)5-3960
Dept.
of Environmental Safety
MEDICAL
CONSULTATION: (31)4-8172
Occupational
Health
LABORATORY
SUPERVISOR(s)/PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s):
(Provide names and UM phone numbers)
James Farquhar
301 405 5043 (office) 5-8611 mass spec lab, 301 405 1116 Chem lab,
301 864 0653 (Home)____________
Jay Kaufman 301405 0395 (office), 301460 1845 (home)
_________________________________________
_____________
DEPARTMENTAL SAFETY
COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
(Provide names and UM
phone numbers)
Richard Ash 5-7504
_________________________________________
_____________
_________________________________________
_____________
_________________________________________
_____________
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DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY shall:
(a) Provide a
Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) to develop and coordinate administration of the
UM Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP);
(b) Prepare the CHP
with annual review and revisions as needed;
(c) Distribute CHP
to each affected department for each Laboratory Supervisor or Principal
Investigator (LS/PI);
(d) Provide
consultation, worksite monitoring (sampling), advisory assistance and
information concerning use of hazardous materials, processes or agents;
(e) Investigate,
document and report to the BACH Committee, significant chemical exposure or
contamination incidents;
(f) Collect and
dispose of hazardous, radioactive and other regulated wastes;
(g) Direct periodic
laboratory safety audits to determine regulatory compliance, and recommend
action to correct conditions generating release of hazardous chemicals;
(h) Provide training
to all laboratory workers concerning:
Provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan;
Contents
of the OSHA standard and its appendices;
Permissible
exposure limits (PELs) for OSHA regulated substances or recommended exposure
limits if no PEL is listed;
Methods
and observations used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous
chemical;
Physical
and health hazards of chemicals in the work area;
Measures
to protect employees from chemical hazards;
Signs
and symptoms associated with hazardous chemical exposure; and
Location
of reference materials on the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of
laboratory chemicals.
LABORATORY
SUPERVISORS/PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS (LS/PI) shall:
(a) Implement all
provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan for laboratory facilities under their
control;
(b) Inventory and
alphabetize all hazardous chemical substances in laboratory facilities under
their control;
(c) Prepare Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPs) relevant to safety and health considerations to be
followed in each laboratory, whenever laboratory work involves the use of
hazardous chemicals;
(d) Ensure that
facilities, equipment, and materials are adequate for their intended use;
(e) Train laboratory
workers regarding the specific practices and provisions contained in the
laboratory SOP; and
(f) Comply with
necessary documentation requirements, and ensure that laboratory workers comply
with the requirements of the SOPs.
BIOLOGICAL
AND CHEMICAL HYGIENE (BACH) COMMITTEE shall:
Review and approve
all aspects of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and provide technical guidance for
implementation of campus policy concerning chemical and biological safety.
UNIVERSITY
HEALTH CENTER shall:
(a) Coordinate and
direct all required or recommended medical surveillance programs;
(b) Provide
appropriate medical consultation and examinations to employees who develop
signs or symptoms associated with hazardous chemical exposure; and to employees
in work areas where significant exposure to hazardous chemicals may have
resulted from incidents such as spills, leaks, and explosions.
(c) Maintain medical
records relating to consultations, examinations and medical surveillance as
required by law.
INDIVIDUAL
RESEARCHERS AND LABORATORY USERS shall:
(a) Adhere to the
requirements of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and SOPs;
(b) Complete all
safety training requirements and comply with documentation procedures;
(c) Report all
workplace injuries, chemical exposure incidents or unsafe conditions to their
LS/PI as soon as possible; and
The Safety Committee
is most commonly used for peer review of SOPs (as deemed appropriate) and
discussion of relevant and timely safety topics. Committee members should have
the expertise and knowledge to recognize and assess potential chemical and
physical hazards associated with chemical use within the Department. The
Committee members should be able to identify and recommend prudent practices and
precautions which should be adopted to minimize hazardous exposures in the
handling of laboratory chemicals.
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A comprehensive health and safety program should include documents that provide descriptions of standard methods or operations used within the facility. They should describe in clear and precise language the means and methods to be used by laboratory workers to minimize the risk of hazardous exposure while using hazardous chemicals. These documents, commonly referred to as standard operating procedures (SOPs), should be followed by all laboratory employees.
The LS/PI is responsible for preparation of the SOP documents for attachment to the CHP. The LS/PI is responsible for determining the adequacy of the SOPs prepared. The SOPs shall be incorporated in the on-site copy of the Chemical Hygiene Plan and placed in a designated location within the laboratory for immediate access by employees.
A good SOP is one that is clearly stated and realistic in scope. A laboratory LS/PI should prepare SOPs for all routine and repetitive operations as well as for general laboratory operations. The format of all SOPs should be consistent and should incorporate:
Facility name, department and section affected by or using the procedure;
Subject;
Issue date of the original document or current revision;
Any indication that revisions replace an earlier procedure;
Signature or initials of the SOP preparer as well as any reviewing authority; and
Concise instructions for safe and healthful performance of laboratory activities and procedures.
SOPs should indicate the measures that will be used to reduce or prevent employee exposure to hazardous chemicals, including engineering controls, hygiene practices. and the use and maintenance of personal protective equipment.
SOPs should include provisions for additional employee protection for work with particularly hazardous substances, including select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, and substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity. (See "Identification of Hazardous Materials, below.) Where appropriate, these additional measures should include:
Establishment of a designated area;
Use of containment devices such as fume hoods or glove boxes;
Procedures for safe removal of contaminated waste; and
Procedures for site and personal decontamination.
SOPs shall also indicate circumstances under which certain laboratory procedures, operations or activities require prior approval from the LS/PI before implementation (e.g., use of radioactive materials, bench top manipulation of volatile carcinogenic solvents without use of engineering controls, night or weekend work performed alone, reagent substitutions, etc.).
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Employees who work
with hazardous chemicals in the laboratory should be referred for medical
consultation, examination, and/or surveillance (as appropriate to the
circumstances) whenever:
An employee develops signs or symptoms associated with
a hazardous chemical to which the employee may have been exposed in the
laboratory;
An
event takes place in the work area to create a likelihood of hazardous
exposure; or
Exposure
monitoring reveals an exposure level routinely above the action level (or in
the absence of an action level, the Permissible Exposure Limit) for an
OSHA-regulated substance for which there are exposure monitoring and medical
surveillance requirements. (See "Exposure Monitoring" section,
below.)
Examples of events
or circumstances which might result in hazardous exposure include:
A spill or leak which rapidly releases a hazardous
chemical in an uncontrolled manner;
Direct
skin or eye contact with a hazardous chemical;
Symptoms
such as headache, rash, nausea, tearing, irritation or redness of eyes,
irritation of nose or throat, dizziness, loss of motor dexterity or judgement
which disappear when the employee is removed from the exposure area and which
reappear when the employee returns to working with the same hazardous chemical;
Two
or more employees in the same laboratory work area exhibit similar symptoms; or
Exposure
monitoring indicates exposures above regulated or recommended limits.
The University has
established procedures for responding to job-related injuries. These procedures
should be followed in the event of hazardous exposure due to the use of
hazardous chemicals in the laboratory. (See Appendix IV.) In the event of
life-threatening injuries or illnesses, the UM Emergency Dispatcher should be
immediately notified. All injury or illness occurring as a result of work
activities should be reported to the Workers' Compensation Office, immediately
after the incident occurs or the injury is treated. All incidents of hazardous
exposure, including their disposition, should be reported to the Chemical
Hygiene Officer.
The following
information should be provided at the time that an employee is referred for
medical consultation and/or examination:
Identity of the chemical(s) to which the employee may
have been exposed;
Description
of the conditions under which the exposure occurred, including any quantitative
exposure data, if available; and
A
description of the signs and symptoms of exposure that the employee
experienced, if any.
A written report
must be provided to the employer from any physician to whom the employee is
referred for medical consultation or examination in connection with hazardous
exposure. The physician's report(s) should indicate ONLY the specific findings
of diagnoses related to occupational exposure and should include the following
information:
Any recommendation for further medical follow-up;
The
results of the medical examination and any associated test(s);
Any
medical condition which may be revealed in the course of the examination which
may place the employee at increased risk as a result of exposure to a hazardous
workplace; and
A
statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results
of the consultation or medical examination and any medical condition that may
require further examination or treatment.
As indicated above,
all incidents of hazardous exposure (including disposition) should be reported
to, and documented by, the Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO). If no further
assessment of the incident is deemed necessary, the reason for that decision
should be included in the documentation. If the event is determined to require
investigation, a formal exposure assessment will be initiated by the CHO. The
purpose of an exposure assessment is not to determine whether there was a
failure to follow proper procedures, but to identify the hazardous chemical(s)
involved and determine whether an exposure might have caused harm to an
employee. An exposure assessment may include the following items:
Interviews with the employee and complainant (if
different);
Obtaining
the following information:
the names of chemicals which may be involved
other
chemicals used by the employee
all
chemicals used by others in the immediate area
other
chemicals stored in the immediate area
symptoms
exhibited or claimed by the employee
comparison
of symptoms with those referenced in the Material Safety Data Sheet for each
involved chemical
observation
of control measures and personal protective equipment in use during the event
notation
of any on-site exposure monitoring performed previous to or during event
Monitoring
or sampling the air in the area for suspect chemicals; and
Determination
of whether the current control measures were adequate during the time of the
incident.
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A hazardous chemical
is defined by the OSHA laboratory standard as "a chemical for which there
is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in
accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health
effects may occur in exposed employees." Hazardous chemicals include carcinogens,
toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives,
sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the
hematopoietic system and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes or mucous
membranes.
Laboratory
supervisors have certain responsibilities for the management of these hazardous
chemicals, including:
Inventory of all hazardous chemical substances which
are used in their laboratories, and attaching the inventory to this CHP;
Maintenance
of the labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals to ensure that they
are not removed or defaced;
Maintenance
of any Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) that are received with incoming
shipments of hazardous chemicals, and ensuring that the MSDSs are readily
accessible to laboratory employees; and
Determination
of whether chemical substances which are developed in the laboratory are
hazardous chemicals within the definition of this CHP. If the chemical
substance is a byproduct for which the composition is unknown, the substance
should be deemed to be a hazardous chemical.
Laboratory
supervisors also are responsible for identifying the following hazardous
chemicals which are required to be used in an area specially designated for
such use:
Select carcinogens: Any substance which meets one of
the following criteria:
it is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen;
it
is listed under the category, "known to be carcinogens," in the Annual
Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (latest
edition);
it
is listed under Group 1 ("carcinogenic to humans") by the
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs (latest
edition); or
it
is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by the IARC, or under the category,
"reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens" by NTP, and causes
statistically significant tumor incidence in experimental animals in accordance
with criteria specified in the OSHA laboratory standard.
Reproductive toxins: Chemicals which affect the
reproductive capabilities, including chemicals which are mutagenic and
teratogenic;
Acute
toxins; and
Unknowns:
Chemicals which are synthesized in the laboratory and which are byproducts for
which the composition is unknown.
Information
concerning the health effects of chemical substances can be located in the
following reference sources:
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
MSDSs are available
through:
(A) the University
of Maryland Administrative Computer Center's Professional Office System
(PROFS),
[From the main menu
select LOCAL APPLICATIONS; then select ADMIN DISPLAY; then select ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY - MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS]
(B) the UM Mainframe (inforM),
[From the main menu
select CAMPUS INFORMATION; then select GENERAL INFORMATION; then select
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY - MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS]
(C) the Department
of Environmental Safety (DES) at x53960, via email at safety@accmail.umd.edu or after normal
hours through UM Emergency Dispatcher at 911), and
(D) the vendor,
manufacturer or distributor. (A MSDS must be provided at the time of initial
purchase by the vendor, manufacturer or distributor without charge. A nominal
fee may be assessed for additional copies.)
Registry
of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (Chemistry Library or DES)
National
Toxicology Program (Chemistry Library or DES)
International
Agency for Research on Cancer (Chemistry Library or DES)
Use of any of the
following materials may be subject to specific occupational safety and health
standards as shown:
|
Asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite and actinolite |
29 CFR 1910.1001 |
|
4-Nitrobiphenyl |
.1003 |
|
alpha-Naphthylamine |
.1004 |
|
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) |
.1005 |
|
Methyl chloromethyl ether |
.1006 |
|
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and salts) |
.1007 |
|
bis-Chloromethyl ether |
.1008 |
|
beta-Naphthylamine |
.1009 |
|
Benzidine |
.1010 |
|
4-Aminodiphenyl |
.1011 |
|
Ethyleneimine |
.1012 |
|
beta-Propiolactone |
.1013 |
|
2-Acetylaminofluorene |
.1014 |
|
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene |
.1015 |
|
N-Nitrosodimethylamine |
.1016 |
|
Vinyl Chloride |
.1017 |
|
Arsenic (inorganic) |
.1018 |
|
Lead |
.1025 |
|
Cadmium |
.1027 |
|
Benzene |
.1028 |
|
Cotton dust |
.1043 |
|
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane |
.1044 |
|
Acrylonitrile |
.1045 |
|
Ethylene oxide |
.1047 |
|
Formaldehyde |
.1048 |
|
4,4'-Methylenedianiline |
.1050 |
|
Non-Asbestiform tremolite, anthophyllite and actinolite |
.1101 |
These standards are
not replaced by the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories standard. Users of these materials are expected to adhere to the
provisions of all applicable substance-specific standards if employee exposure
routinely exceeds the OSHA-mandated permissible exposure limit (or Action
Level, if specified). Copies of these standards may be obtained from the
Department of Environmental Safety.
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All UM employees must
assume an active role in maintaining a safe working environment by reporting
any problems or noncompliance with policies to the LS/PI. All employees should
fully utilize any information provided during formal and informal training
sessions. Any staff member who does not understand a policy or procedure should
consult the LS/PI, departmental safety committee or DES for clarification.
All employees shall
be provided with information and training regarding the hazards of the
chemicals in their work area. Employees shall be informed of:
The contents of the OSHA standard and its appendices;
The
location and availability of the CHP;
The
permissible exposure limits (PELs) for OSHA regulated substances or recommended
exposure limits if no PEL is listed;
The
methods and observations used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous
chemical;
The
physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area;
The
measures employees can take to protect themselves from chemical hazards,
including specific procedures (SOPs) to be used;
Signs
and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals used in the
laboratory; and
The
location of known reference material on the hazards, safe handling, storage,
and disposal of chemicals found in the laboratory.
Distribution of
training materials to LS/PIs and members of departmental safety committees is
coordinated through the Department of Environmental Safety. Training of
laboratory workers in general laboratory safety and the provisions of the OSHA
laboratory standard's requirements shall be conducted by UM Chemical Hygiene
Officer (or designee) during training sessions scheduled through the Department
of Personnel Services Employee Relations and Training or through special
arrangement with DES. The LS/PI shall be responsible for training of all
supervised laboratory employees as to specific operations, safety equipment,
emergency procedures, SOPs and chemical use which apply to the laboratory
facilities. Documentation of general laboratory safety and CHP training conducted
by the Department of Environmental Safety shall be maintained within each
department and by the Department of Personnel Services as part of the
employee's permanent record. Documentation of laboratory-specific training
provided by the LS/PI shall be maintained within each department and
laboratory.
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OSHA
has established "Permissible Exposure Limits" (PELs) for laboratory employees'
exposures to certain regulated substances. Exposure levels must be determined
and monitored under certain circumstances. A medical surveillance program has
been established for certain specified employees whose work assignments involve
regular and frequent handling of toxicologically significant quantities of a
chemical. In addition, the Department of Environmental Safety is responsible
for making determinations regarding the requirements for area and/or personal
exposure monitoring in specific circumstances.
PELs are specified
in the OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z Toxic and Hazardous Substances.
In addition, PELs are usually indicated on the MSDSs, and can be obtained from
the Department of Environmental Safety.
These limits are
defined as:
Eight-hour
time weighted average (TWA)
The average
concentration to which an employee may be exposed to a particular chemical for
up to eight hours per day, five days per week.
Short
Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
The average
concentration to which an employee may be exposed to a particular chemical for
up to fifteen minutes per day.
Ceiling
(C)
The maximum
concentration to which an employee may be exposed to a particular chemical at
any time.
Often, a notation of
"Skin" is printed with an exposure limit. This indicates that skin
absorption of that chemical occurs readily which would contribute to an
employee's overall exposure. Employee exposure to dermal absorption of chemical
substances can often be monitored through the use of biological testing.
Employee exposure
should be monitored in the following circumstances:
Initially, where there is reason to believe that
exposure levels to any chemical substance regulated by a standard routinely
exceed the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the PEL) for an
OSHA-regulated substance for which there are exposure monitoring and medical
surveillance requirements; and
Periodically,
where the initial monitoring discloses employee exposure over the action level
(or in absence of an action level, the PEL).
The general
training provided by the Department of Environmental Safety will include
information regarding the identification of situations where employee exposure
might exceed the PEL, TLV or STEL. TLVs (Threshold Limit Values) are eight-hour
time-weighted average inhalation exposure limits recommended by the American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. The Department of
Environmental Safety will perform area and/or personal exposure monitoring at
the request of any LS/PI or laboratory worker. The employee will be provided
written notification of monitoring results, within 15 working days after
receipt of monitoring results by the University.
Where initial
monitoring discloses employee exposure over the action level (or in the absence
of an action level, the PEL), the affected employee must be provided with
personal protective equipment, unless engineering controls are available as a
feasible means of controlling exposure.
Monitoring will be
terminated when appropriate in accordance with the relevant standard.
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The Laboratory Safety Guide is a separate document prepared and distributed by the Department of Environmental Safety. It was assembled to assist laboratory supervisors and workers in their daily operations at UM and to provide a means to lower employee exposure to hazardous materials and operations. It can supply much of the information needed to provide laboratory workers a safe working environment. However, laboratory workers should not assume that this guide will supply sufficient information to prevent injury and protect the environment. The nature of the work that is performed in many research and testing laboratories increases the necessity for safety planning and awareness. The Principal Investigator and other faculty often have special expertise in the unique or specific experimental processes used in laboratories under their control, and the prepared SOP may supersede general laboratory safety guidelines.
Recommended reference sources concerning safe operations in laboratories include:
CRC Handbook of
Laboratory Safety
CRC Press, Inc.
Guide for Safety in the Chemical Laboratory
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company
Improving Safety in the Chemical Laboratory
John Wiley and Sons
Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous
Chemicals in Laboratories
National Academy Press
Safe Storage of Laboratory Chemicals
John Wiley and Sons
Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories
American Chemical Society
Go Back to the Table of Contents
Federal
Occupational Safety and Health Standard (OSHA) 29 CFR 1910.1450.
Title: Occupational
Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories.
(a) Scope and application.
This section shall apply to all employers engaged in
the laboratory use of hazardous chemicals as defined below.
Where
this section applies, it shall supersede, for laboratories, the requirements of
all other OSHA health standards in 29 CFR part 1910, subpart Z, except as
follows:
(i) For any OSHA health standard, only the requirement to
limit employee exposure to the specific permissible exposure limit shall apply
for laboratories, unless that particular standard states otherwise or unless
the conditions of paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section apply.
(ii) Prohibition of eye and skin contact where specified
by any OSHA health standard shall be observed.
(iii) Where the action level (or in the absence of an
action level, the permissible exposure limit) is routinely exceeded for an OSHA
regulated substance with exposure monitoring and medical surveillance
requirements paragraphs (d) and (g)(1)(ii) of this section shall apply.
This
section shall not apply to:
(i) Uses of hazardous chemicals which do not meet the
definition of laboratory use, and in such cases, the employer shall comply with
the relevant standard in 29 CFR part 1910, subpart 2, even if such use occurs
in a laboratory.
(ii) Laboratory uses of hazardous chemicals which provide
no potential for employee exposure.
Examples of such
conditions might include:
Procedures using chemically-impregnated test media
such as Dip-and-Read tests where a reagent strip is dipped into the specimen to
be tested and the results are interpreted by comparing the color reaction to a
color chart supplied by the manufacturer of the test strip; and
Commercially
prepared kits such as those used in performing pregnancy tests in which all of
the reagents needed to conduct the test are contained in the kit.
(b) Definitions -
"Action
level" means a concentration
designated in 29 CFR part 1910 for a specific substance, calculated as an eight
(8)-hour time-weighted average, which initiates certain required activities
such as exposure monitoring and medical surveillance.
"Assistant
Secretary" means the Assistant
Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of
Labor, or designee.
"Carcinogen" (see "select carcinogen").
"Chemical
Hygiene Officer" means an
employee who is designated by the employer, and who is qualified by training or
experience, to provide technical guidance in the development and implementation
of the provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan. This definition is not intended
to place limitations on the position description or job classification that the
designated individual shall hold within the employer's organizational
structure.
"Chemical
Hygiene Plan" means a written
program developed and implemented by the employer which sets forth procedures,
equipment, personal protective equipment and work practices that
are capable of protecting employees from the health
hazards presented by hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace and
meets
the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section.
"Combustible
liquid" means any liquid having
a flashpoint at or above 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C), but below 200 deg. F (93.3
deg. C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 200 deg. F
(93.3 deg. C), or higher, the total volume of which make up 99 percent or more
of the total volume of the mixture.
"Compressed
gas" means:
A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an
absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70 deg. F (21.1 deg. C); or
A
gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding
104 psi at 130 deg. F (54.4 deg C) regardless of the pressure at 70 deg. F
(21.1 deg. C); or
A
liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100 deg. F (37.8 C) as
determined by ASTM D-323-72.
"Designated
area" means an area which may be
used for work with "select carcinogens," reproductive toxins or
substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity. A designated area may be
the entire laboratory, such as a laboratory hood.
"EMERGENCY" means any occurrence such as, but not limited to,
equipment failure, rupture of containers or failure of control equipment which
results in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the workplace.
"Employee" means an individual employed in a laboratory
workplace who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in the course of his or her
assignments.
"Explosive" means a chemical that causes a sudden, almost
instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden
shock, pressure, or high temperature.
"Flammable" means a chemical that falls into one of the following
categories:
"Aerosol, flammable" means an aerosol that,
when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a flame
protection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame
extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening;
"Gas,
flammable" means:
A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms
a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13 percent by volume or
less; or
A
gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable
mixtures with air wider than 12 percent by volume, regardless of the lower
limit.
"Liquid,
flammable" means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 deg F (37.8 deg.
C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100 deg. C) or
higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of
the mixture.
"Solid,
flammable" means a solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as
defined in 1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption
of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing
or processing, or which can be ignited readily and when ignited burns so
vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A chemical shall be
considered to be a flammable solid if, when tested by the method described in
16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate
greater than one-tenth of an inch per second along its major axis.
"Flashpoint" means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives
off a vapor insufficient concentration to ignite when tested as follows:
Tagliabue Closed Tester (See American National
Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester, Z11.24 - 1979
(ASTM D 56-79)) - for liquids with a viscosity of less than 45 Saybolt
Universal Seconds (SUS) at 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C), that do not contain
suspended solids and do not have a tendency to form a surface film under test;
or
Pensky-Martens
Closed Tester (See American National Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by
Pensky-Martens Closed Tester, Z11.7 - 1979 (ASTM D 93-79)) - for liquids with a
viscosity equal to or greater than 45 SUS at 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C ), or that
contain suspended solids, or that have a tendency to form a surface film under
test; or
Setaflash
Closed Tester (see American National Standard Method of test for Flash Point by
Setaflash Closed Tester (ASTM D 3278-78)).
* Organic peroxides, which undergo autoaccelerating
thermal decomposition, are excluded from any of the flashpoint determination
methods specified above.
"Hazardous
chemical" means a chemical for
which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study
conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or
chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. The term "health
hazard" includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic
agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins,
nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic systems, and
agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. Appendices A
and B of the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) provide further
guidance in defining the scope of health hazards and determining whether or not
a chemical is to be considered hazardous for purposes of this standard.
"Laboratory" means a facility where the "laboratory use of
hazardous chemicals" occurs. It is a workplace where relatively small
quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non-production basis.
"Laboratory
scale" means work with
substances in which the containers used for reactions, transfers, and other
handling of substances are designed to be easily and safety manipulated by one
person. "Laboratory scale" excludes those workplaces whose function
is to produce commercial quantities of materials.
"Laboratory-type
hood" means a device located in
a laboratory, enclosure on five sides with a movable sash or fixed partial
enclosed on the remaining side; constructed and maintained to draw air from the
laboratory and to prevent or minimize the escape of air contaminants into the
laboratory; and allows chemical manipulations to be conducted in the enclosure
without insertion of any portion of the employee's body other than hands and
arms. Walk-in hoods with adjustable sashes meet the above definition provided
that the sashes are adjusted during use so that the airflow and the exhaust of
air contaminants are not compromised and employees do not work inside the
enclosure during the release of airborne hazardous chemicals.
"Laboratory
use of hazardous chemicals"
means handling or use of such chemicals in which all of the following
conditions are met:
Chemical manipulations are carried out on a
"laboratory scale;"
Multiple
chemical procedures or chemicals are used;
The
procedures involved are not part of a production process, nor in any way
simulate a production process; and
"Protective
laboratory practices and equipment" are available and in common use to
minimize the potential for employee exposure to hazardous chemicals.
"Medical
consultation" means a
consultation which takes place between an employee and a licensed physician for
the purpose of determining what medical examinations or procedures, if any, are
appropriate in cases where a significant exposure to a hazardous chemical may
have taken place.
"Organic
peroxide" means an organic
compound that contains the bivalent -O-O- structure and which may be considered
to be a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the
hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an organic radical.
"Oxidizer" means a chemical other than a blasting agent or
explosive as defined in 1910.109(a), that initiates or promotes combustion in
other materials, thereby causing fire either of itself or through the release
of oxygen or other gases.
"Physical
hazard" means a chemical for
which there is scientifically valid evidence tat it is a combustible liquid, a
compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer
pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive.
"Protective
laboratory practices and equipment"
means those laboratory procedures, practices and equipment accepted by
laboratory health and safety experts as effective, or that the employer can
show to be effective, in minimizing the potential for employee exposure to
hazardous chemicals.
"Reproductive
toxins" means chemicals which
affect the reproductive chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities
including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses
(teratogenesis).
"Select
carcinogen" means any substance
which meets one of the following criteria:
It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen; or
It
is listed under the category, "known to be carcinogens," in the
Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program
(NTP)(latest edition); or
It
is listed under Group 1 ("carcinogenic to humans") by the
International Agency for research on Cancer Monographs (IARC)(latest editions);
or
It
is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by IARC or under the category,
"reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens" by NTP, and causes
statistically significant tumor incidence in experimental animals in accordance
with any of the following criteria:
After inhalation exposure of 6 - 7 hours per day, 5
days per week, for a significant portion of a lifetime to dosages of less than
10 mg/m(3);
After
repeated skin application of less than 300 (mg/kg of body weight) per week; or
After
oral dosages of less than 50 mg/kg of body weight per day.
"Unstable
(reactive)" means a chemical
which is the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously
polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under conditions
of shocks, pressure or temperature.
"Water-reactive" means a chemical that reacts with water to release a
gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard.
(c) Permissible exposure limits. For laboratory uses of
OSHA regulated substances, the employer shall assure that laboratory employees'
exposures to such substances do not exceed the permissible exposure limits
specified in 29 CFR part 1910, subpart Z.
(d) Employee exposure determination -
Initial monitoring. The employer shall measure the
employee's exposure to any substance regulated by a standard which requires
monitoring if there is reason to believe that exposure levels for that
substance routinely exceed the action level (or in the absence of an action
level, the PEL).
Periodic
monitoring. If the initial monitoring prescribed by paragraph (d)(1) of this
section discloses employee exposure over the action level (or in the absence of
an action level, the PEL), the employer shall immediately comply with the
exposure monitoring provisions of the relevant standard.
Termination
of monitoring. Monitoring may be terminated in accordance with the relevant
standard.
Employee
notification of monitoring results. The employer shall, within 15 working days
after the receipt of any monitoring results, notify the employee of these results
in writing either individually or by posting results in an appropriate location
that is accessible to employees.
(e) Chemical hygiene plan - General. (Appendix A of this section is non-mandatory but
provides guidance to assist employers in the development of the Chemical
Hygiene Plan).
Where hazardous chemicals as defined by this standard
are used in the workplace, the employer shall develop and carry out the
provisions of a written Chemical Hygiene Plan which is:
(i) Capable of protecting employees from health hazards
associated with hazardous chemicals in that laboratory and
(ii) Capable of keeping exposures below the limits
specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
The
Chemical Hygiene Plan shall be readily available to employees, employee
representatives and, upon request, to the Assistant Secretary.
The
Chemical Hygiene Plan shall include each of the following elements and shall
indicate specific measures that the employer will take to ensure laboratory
employee protection;
(i) Standard operating procedures relevant to safety and
health considerations to be followed when laboratory work involves the use of
hazardous chemicals;
(ii) Criteria that the employer will use to determine and
implement control measures to reduce employee exposure to hazardous chemicals
including engineering controls, the use of personal protective equipment and
hygiene practices; particular attention shall be given to the selection of
control measures for chemicals that are known to be extremely hazardous;
(iii) A requirement that fume hoods and other protective
equipment are functioning properly and specific measures that shall be taken to
ensure proper and adequate performance of such equipment;
(iv) Provisions for employee information and training as
prescribed in paragraph (f) of this section;
(v) The circumstances under which a particular laboratory
operation, procedure or activity shall require prior approval from the employer
or the employer's designee before implementation;
(vi) Provisions for medical consultation and medical
examinations in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section;
(vii) Designation of personnel responsible for
implementation of the Chemical Hygiene Plan including the assignment of a Chemical
Hygiene Officer, and, if appropriate, establishment of a Chemical Hygiene
Committee; and
(viii) Provisions for additional employee protection for
work with particularly hazardous substances. These include "select
carcinogens, "reproductive toxins and substances which have a high degree
of acute toxicity. Specific consideration shall be given to the following
provisions which shall be included where appropriate:
Establishment of a designated area;
Use
of containment devices such as fume hoods or glove boxes;
Procedures
for safe removal of contaminated waste; and
Decontamination
procedures.
The
employer shall review and evaluate the effectiveness of the Chemical Hygiene
Plan at least annually and update it as necessary.
(f) Employee information and training.
The employer shall provide employees with information
and training to ensure that they are apprised of the hazards of chemicals
present in their work area.
Such
information shall be provided at the time of an employee's initial assignment
to a work area where hazardous chemicals are present and prior to assignments
involving new exposure situations. The frequency of refresher information and
training shall be determined by the employer.
Information.
Employees shall be informed of:
(i) The contents of this standard and its appendices
which shall be made available to employees;
(ii) the location and availability of the employer's
Chemical Hygiene Plan;
(iii) The permissible exposure limits for OSHA regulated
substances or recommended exposure limits for other hazardous chemicals where
there is no applicable OSHA standard;
(iv) Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to
hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory; and
(v) The location and availability of known reference
material on the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous
chemicals found in the laboratory including, but not limited to, Material
Safety Data Sheets received from the chemical supplier.
Training.
(i) Employee training shall include:
Methods and observations that may be used to detect
the presence or release of a hazardous chemical (such as monitoring conducted
by the employer, continuous monitoring devices, visual appearance or odor of
hazardous chemicals when being released, etc.);
The
physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area; and
The
measures employees can take to protect themselves from these hazards, including
specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect employees from
exposure to hazardous chemicals, such as appropriate work practices, emergency
procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used.
(ii) The employee shall be trained on the applicable
details of the employer's written Chemical Hygiene Plan.
(g) Medical consultation and medical examinations.
The employer shall provide all employees who work with
hazardous chemicals an opportunity to receive medical attention, including any
follow-up examinations which the examining physician determines to be
necessary, under the following circumstances:
(i) Whenever an employee develops signs or symptoms
associated with a hazardous chemical to which the employee may have been
exposed in the laboratory, the employee shall be provided an opportunity to
receive an appropriate medical examination.
(ii) Where exposure monitoring reveals an exposure level
routinely above the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the
PEL) for an OSHA regulated substance for which there are exposure monitoring
and medical surveillance requirements, medical surveillance shall be
established for the affected employee as prescribed by the particular standard.
(iii) Whenever an event takes place in the work area such
as a spill, leak, explosion or other occurrence resulting in the likelihood of
a hazardous exposure, the affected employee shall be provided an opportunity
for a medical consultation. Such consultation shall be for the purpose of
determining the need for a medical examination.
All
medical examinations and consultations shall be performed by or under the
direct supervision of a licensed physician and shall be provided without cost
to the employee, without loss of pay and at a reasonable time and place.
Information
provided to the physician. The employer shall provide the following information
to the physician:
(i) The identity of the hazardous chemical(s) to which
the employee may have been exposed;
(ii) A description of the conditions under which the
exposure occurred including quantitative exposure data, if available; and
(iii) A description of the signs and symptoms of exposure
that the employee is experiencing, if any.
Physician's
written opinion.
(i) For examination or consultation required under this
standard, the employer shall obtain a written opinion from the examining
physician which shall include the following:
Any recommendation for further medical follow-up;
The
results of the medical examination and any associated tests;
Any
medical condition which may be revealed in the course of the examination which
may place the employee at increased risk as a result of exposure to a hazardous
workplace; and
A
statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results
of the consultation or medical examination and any medical condition that may
require further examination or treatment.
(ii) The written opinion shall not reveal specific
findings of diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure.
(h) Hazard identification.
With respect to labels and material safety data
sheets:
(i) Employers shall ensure that labels on incoming
containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced.
(ii) Employers shall maintain any material safety data
sheets that are received with incoming shipments of hazardous chemicals, and
ensure that they are readily accessible to laboratory employees.
The
following provisions shall apply to chemical substances developed in the
laboratory:
(i) If the composition of the chemical substance which is
produced exclusively for the laboratory's use is known, the employer shall
determine if it is a hazardous chemical as defined in paragraph (b) of this
section. If the chemical is determined to be hazardous, the employer shall
provide appropriate training as required under paragraph (f) of this section.
(ii) If the chemical produced is a byproduct whose
composition is not known, the employer shall assume that the substance is
hazardous and shall implement paragraph (e) of this section.
(iii) If the chemical substance is produced for another
user outside of the laboratory, the employer shall comply with the Hazard Communication
Standard (29 CFR 1910.120) including the requirements for preparation of
material safety data sheets and labeling.
(iv) Use of respirators. Where the use of respirators is necessary
to maintain exposure below permissible exposure limits, the employer shall
provide, at no cost to the employee, the proper respiratory equipment.
Respirators shall
be selected and used in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.134.
(j) Recordkeeping.
The employer shall establish and maintain for each
employee an accurate record of any measurements taken to monitor employee
exposures and any medical consultation and examinations including tests or
written opinions required by this standard.
The
employer shall assure that such records are kept, transferred, and made
available in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20.
(k) Dates -
Effective date. This section shall become effective
May 1, 1990.
Start-up
dates.
(i) Employers shall have developed and implemented a
written Chemical Hygiene Plan no later than January 31, 1991.
(ii) Paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall not take
effect until the employer has developed and implemented a written Chemical
Hygiene Plan.
(l) Appendices. The information contained in the
appendices is not intended, by itself, to create any additional obligations not
otherwise imposed or to detract from any existing obligation.
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Back to the Table of Contents
Appendix
A to 1910.1450 - National Research
Council Recommendations
Concerning
Chemical Hygiene in Laboratories (Non-Mandatory)
Table of
Contents
Foreword
Corresponding
Sections of the Standard and this Appendix
A. General
Principles
Minimize all Chemical Exposures
Avoid
Underestimation of Risk
Provide
Adequate Ventilation
Institute
a Chemical Hygiene Program
Observe
the PELs and TLVs
B.
Responsibilities
Chief Executive Officer
Supervisor
of Administrative Unit
Chemical
Hygiene Officer
Laboratory
Supervisor
Project
Director
Laboratory
Worker
C. The
Laboratory Facility
Design
Maintenance
Usage
Ventilation
D. Components of
the Chemical Hygiene Plan
Basic Rules and Procedures
Chemical
Procurement, Distribution, and Storage
Environmental
Monitoring
Housekeeping,
Maintenance and Inspections
Medical
Program
Personal
Protective Apparel and Equipment
Records
Signs
and Labels
Spills
and Accidents
Training
and Information
Waste
Disposal
E. General
Procedures for Working With Chemicals
General Rules for all Laboratory Work with Chemicals
Allergens
and Embryotoxins
Chemicals
of Moderate Chronic or High Acute Toxicity
Chemicals
of High Chronic Toxicity
Animal
Work with Chemicals of High Chronic Toxicity
F. Safety
Recommendations
G. Material
Safety Data Sheets
Foreword
As guidance for
each employer's development of an appropriate laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan,
the following non-mandatory recommendations are provided. They were extracted
form "Prudent Practices" for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories" (referred to below as "Prudent Practices"), which
was published in 1981 by the National Research Council and is available from
the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave., NW,. Washington DC 20418.
"Prudent
Practices" is cited because of its wide distribution and acceptance and
because of its preparation by members of the laboratory community through the
sponsorship of the National Research Council.
However, none of
the recommendations given here will modify any requirements of the laboratory
standard. This Appendix merely presents pertinent recommendations from
"Prudent Practices", organized into a form convenient for quick
reference during operation of a laboratory facility and during development and
application of a Chemical Hygiene Plan. Users of this appendix should consult
"Prudent Practices" for a more extended presentation and
justification for each recommendation.
"Prudent
Practices" deal with both safety and chemical hazards while the laboratory
standard is concerned primarily with chemical hazards. Therefore, only those
recommendations directed primarily toward control of toxic exposures are cited
in this appendix, with the term "chemical Hygiene" being substituted
for the word "safety". However, since conditions producing or
threatening physical injury often pose toxic risks as well, page references
concerning major categories of safety hazards in the laboratory are given in
section F.
The recommendations
from "Prudent Practices" have been paraphrased, combined, or
otherwise reorganized, and headings have been added. However, their sense has
not been changed.
Corresponding
Sections of the Standard and this Appendix
The following table
is given for the convenience of those who are developing a Chemical Hygiene
Plan which will satisfy the requirements of paragraph (e) of the standard. It
indicates those sections of this appendix which are most pertinent to each of
the sections of paragraph (e) and related paragraphs.
___________________________________________________________________________________
|Paragraph
and topic in laboratory
standard
| Relevant appendix section|
|_______________________________________________________|___________________________|
|
|
|
|(e)(3)(i)
Standard operating procedures for handling | C, D,
E
|
|
toxic
chemicals.
|
|
|
|
|
|(e)(3)(ii)
Criteria to be used for implemetation of |
D
|
|
measures to reduce
exposures.
|
|
|
|
|
|(e)(3)
iii) Fume hood performance
|
C4b
|
|
|
|
|(e)(3)(iv)
Employee information and
training |
D10,
D9
|
|
(including emergency
procedures).
|
|
|
|
|
|(e)(3)(v)
Requirements for prior approval
of |
E2b,
E4b
|
|
laboratory
activities.
|
|
|
|
|
|(e)(3)(vi)
Medical consultation and
medical
| D5,
E4f
|
|
examinations.
|
|
|
|
|
|(e)(3)(vii)
Chemical hygiene
responsibilities.
|
B
|
|
|
|
|(e)(3)(viii)
Special precautions for work
with | E2, E3,
E4
|
|
particularly hazardous substances.
|
|
|_______________________________________________________|___________________________|
In this appendix,
those recommendations directed primarily at administrators and supervisors are
given in sections A - D. Those recommendations of primary concern to employees
who are actually handling laboratory chemicals are given in section E.
(Reference to page numbers in "Prudent Practices" are given in
parentheses.)
A. General
Principles for Work with Laboratory Chemicals
In addition to the
more detailed recommendations listed below in sections B-E, "Prudent
Practices" expresses certain general principles, including the following:
It is prudent to minimize all chemical exposures. Because few laboratory chemicals are without hazards,
general precautions for handling all laboratory chemicals should be adopted,
rather than specific guidelines for particular chemicals (2,10). Skin contact
with chemicals should be avoided as a cardinal rule (198).
Avoid
underestimation of risk. Even for
substances of no known significant hazard, exposure should be minimized; for
work with substances which present special hazards, special precautions should
be taken (10, 37, 38). One should assume that any mixture will be more toxic
than its most toxic component (30, 103) and that all substances of unknown
toxicity are toxic (3, 34).
Provide
adequate ventilation. The best way to
prevent exposure to airborne substances is to prevent their escape into the
working atmosphere by use of hoods and other ventilation devices (32, 198).
Institute
a chemical hygiene program. A
mandatory chemical hygiene program designed to minimize exposures is needed; it
should be a regular, continuing effort, not merely a standby or short-term
activity (6,11). Its recommendations should be followed in academic teaching
laboratories as well as by full-time laboratory workers (13).
Observe
the PELs, TLVs. The Permissible
Exposure Limits of OSHA and the Threshold Limit Values of the American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists should not be exceeded (13).
B. Chemical Hygiene
Responsibilities
Responsibility for
chemical hygiene rests at all levels (6, 11, 21) including the:
Chief executive officer, who has ultimate responsibility for chemical hygiene
within the institution and must, with other administrators, provide continuing
support for institutional chemical hygiene (7, 11).
Supervisor
of the department or other administrative unit, who is responsible for chemical hygiene in that unit
(7).
Chemical
Hygiene Officer(s), whose appointment
is essential (7) and who must:
(a) Work with administrators and other employees to
develop and implement appropriate chemical hygiene policies and practices (7);
(b) Monitor procurement, use, and disposal of chemicals
used in the lab (8);
(c) See that appropriate audits are maintained (8);
(d) Help project directors develop precautions and
adequate facilities (10);
(e) Know the current legal requirements concerning
regulated substances (50); and
(f) Seek ways to improve the chemical hygiene program (8,
11).
Laboratory
supervisor, who has overall
responsibility for chemical hygiene in the laboratory (21) including
responsibility to:
(a) Ensure that workers know and follow the chemical
hygiene rules, that protective equipment is available and in working order, and
that appropriate training has been provided (21, 22);
(b) Provide regular, formal chemical hygiene and
housekeeping inspections including routine inspections of emergency equipment
(21, 171);
(c) Know the current legal requirements concerning
regulated substances (50, 231);
(d) Determine the required levels of protective apparel
and equipment (156, 160, 162); and
(e) Ensure that facilities and training for use of any
material being ordered are adequate (215).
Project
director or director of other specific operation, who has primary responsibility for chemical hygiene
procedures for that operation (7).
Laboratory
worker, who is responsible for:
(a) Planning and conducting each operation in accordance
with the institutional chemical hygiene procedures (7, 21, 22, 230); and
(b) Developing good personal chemical hygiene habits
(22).
C. The
Laboratory Facility
Design. The
laboratory facility should have:
(a) An appropriate general ventilation system (see C4
below) with air intakes and exhausts located so as to avoid intake of
contaminated air (194);
(b) Adequate, well-ventilated stockrooms/storerooms (218,
219).
(c) Laboratory hoods and sinks (12, 162);
(d) Other safety equipment including eyewash fountains
and drench showers (162, 169); and
(e) Arrangements for waste disposal (12, 240).
Maintenance. Chemical-hygiene-related equipment (hoods,
incinerator, etc.) should undergo continual appraisal and be modified if
inadequate (11, 12).
Usage. The work conducted (10) and its scale (12) must be
appropriate to the physical facilities available and, especially, to the
quality of ventilation (13).
Ventilation
-
(a) General
laboratory ventilation. This system
should: Provide a source of air for breathing and for input to local
ventilation devices (199); it should not be relied on for protection from toxic
substances released into the laboratory (198); ensure that laboratory air is
continually replaced, preventing increase of air concentrations of toxic
substances during the working day (194); direct air flow into the laboratory
from non-laboratory areas and out to the exterior of the building (194).
(b) Hoods. A laboratory hood with 2.5 linear feet of hood space
per person should be provided for every 2 workers if they spend most of their
time working with chemicals (199); each hood should have a continuous
monitoring device to allow convenient confirmation of adequate hood performance
before use (200, 209). If this is not possible, work with substances of unknown
toxicity should be avoided (13) or other types of local ventilation devices
should be provided (199). See pp. 201-206 for a discussion of hood design,
construction, and evaluation.
(c) Other local
ventilation devices. Ventilated
storage cabinets, canopy hoods, snorkels, etc. should be provided as needed
(199). Each canopy hood and snorkel should have a separate exhaust duct (207).
(d) Special ventilation areas. Exhaust air from
glove boxes and isolation rooms should be passed through scrubbers or other
treatment before release into the regular exhaust system (208). Cold rooms and
warm rooms should have provisions for rapid escape and for escape in the event
of electrical failure (209).
(e)
Modifications. Any alteration of the
ventilation system should be made only if thorough testing indicates that worker
protection from airborne toxic substances will continue to be adequate (12,
193, 204).
(f) Performance. Rate: 4-12 room air changes/hour
is normally adequate general ventilation if local exhaust systems such as hoods
are used as the primary method of control (194).
(g) Quality. General air flow should not be turbulent and should
be relatively uniform throughout the laboratory, with no high velocity or
static areas (194, 195); airflow into and within the hood should not be
excessively turbulent (200); hood face velocity should be adequate (typically
60-100 lfm) (200, 204).
(h) Evaluation. Quality and quantity of ventilation should be
evaluated on installation (202), regularly monitored (at least every 3 months)
(6, 12, 14, 195), and reevaluated whenever a change in local ventilation
devices is made (12, 195, 207). See pp 195-198 for methods of evaluation and
for calculation of estimated airborne contaminant concentrations.
D. Components of
the Chemical Hygiene Plan
Basic Rules and Procedures
(Recommendations
for these are given in section E, below)
Chemical
Procurement, Distribution, and Storage
(a) Procurement. Before a substance is received, information on proper
handling, storage, and disposal should be known to those who will be involved
(215, 216). No container should be accepted without an adequate identifying
label (216). Preferably, all substances should be received in a central
location (216).
(b)
Stockrooms/storerooms. Toxic
substances should be segregated in a well-identified area with local exhaust
ventilation (221). Chemicals which are highly toxic (227) or other chemicals
whose containers have been opened should be in unbreakable secondary containers
(219). Stored chemicals should be examined periodically (at least annually) for
replacement, deterioration, and container integrity (218-19).
Stockrooms/storerooms should not be used as preparation or repackaging areas,
should be open during normal working hours, and should be controlled by one
person (219).
(c)
Distribution. When chemicals are hand
carried, the container should be placed in an outside container or bucket.
Freight-only elevators should be used if possible (223).
(d) Laboratory
storage. Amounts permitted should be
as small as practical. Storage on bench tops and in hoods is inadvisable.
Exposure to heat or direct sunlight should be avoided. Periodic inventories
should be conducted, with unneeded items being discarded or returned to the
storeroom/stockroom (225-6, 229).
Environmental
Monitoring
Regular
instrumental monitoring of airborne concentrations is not usually justified or
practical in laboratories but may be appropriate when testing or redesigning
hoods or other ventilation devices (12) or when a highly toxic substance is
stored or used regularly (e.g., 3 times/week) (13).
Housekeeping,
Maintenance, and Inspections
(a) Cleaning. Floors should be cleaned regularly (24).
(b) Inspections. Formal housekeeping and chemical hygiene inspections
should be held at least quarterly (6, 21) for units which have frequent personnel
changes and semiannually for others; informal inspections should be continual
(21).
(c) Maintenance. Eye wash fountains should be inspected at intervals
of not less than 3 months (6). Respirators for routine use should be inspected
periodically by the laboratory supervisor (169). Other safety equipment should
be inspected regularly. (e.g., every 3-6 months) (6, 24, 171). Procedures to
prevent restarting of out-of-service equipment should be established (25).
(d) Passageways. Stairways and hallways should not be used as storage
areas (24). Access to exits, emergency equipment, and utility controls should
never be blocked (24).
Medical
Program
(a) Compliance
with regulations. Regular medical
surveillance should be established to the extent required by regulations (12).
(b) Routine
surveillance. Anyone whose work
involves regular and frequent handling of toxicologically significant
quantities of a chemical should consult a qualified physician to determine on
an individual basis whether a regular schedule of medical surveillance is
desirable (11, 50).
(c) First aid. Personnel trained in first aid should be available
during working hours and an emergency room with medical personnel should be
nearby (173). See pp. 176-178 for description of some emergency first aid
procedures.
Protective
Apparel and Equipment
These should
include for each laboratory:
(a) Protective apparel compatible with the required
degree of protection for substances being handled (158-161);
(b) An easily accessible drench-type safety shower (162,
169);
(c) An eyewash fountain (162)
(d) A fire extinguisher (162-164);
(e) Respiratory protection (164-9), fire alarm and
telephone for emergency use (162) should be available nearby; and
(f) Other items designated by the laboratory supervisor (156,
160).
Records
(a) Accident records should be written and retained
(174).
(b) Chemical Hygiene Plan records should document that the
facilities and precautions were compatible with current knowledge and
regulations (7).
(c) Inventory and usage records for high-risk substances
should be kept as specified in sections E3(e) below.
(d) Medical records should be retained by the institution
in accordance with the requirements of state and federal regulations (12).
Signs
and Labels
Prominent signs and
labels of the following types should be posted:
(a) Emergency telephone numbers of emergency
personnel/facilities, supervisors, and laboratory workers (28);
(b) Identity labels, showing contents of containers
(including waste receptacles) and associated hazards (27, 48);
(c) Location signs for safety showers, eyewash stations,
other safety and first aid equipment, exits (27) and areas where food and
beverage consumption and storage are permitted (24); and
(d) Warnings at areas or equipment where special or
unusual hazards exist (27).
Spills
and Accidents
(a) A written emergency plan should be established and
communicated to all personnel; it should include procedures for ventilation
failure (200), evacuation, medical care, reporting, and drills (172).
(b) There should be an alarm system to alert people in all
parts of the facility including isolation areas such as cold rooms (172).
(c) A spill control policy should be developed and should
include consideration of prevention, containment, cleanup, and reporting (175).
(d) All accidents or near accidents should be carefully
analyzed with the results distributed to all who might benefit (8, 28).
Information
and Training Program
(a) Aim: To assure that all individuals at risk are
adequately informed about the work in the laboratory, its risks, and what to do
if an accident occurs (5, 15).
(b) Emergency and Personal Protection Training: Every
laboratory worker should know the location and proper use of available
protective apparel and equipment (154, 169). Some of the full-time personnel of
the laboratory should be trained in the proper use of emergency equipment and
procedures (6). Such training as well as first aid instruction should be
available to (154) and encouraged for (176) everyone who might need it.
(c) Receiving and stockroom/storeroom personnel should
know about hazards, handling equipment, protective apparel, and relevant
regulations (217).
(d) Frequency of Training: The training and education
program should be a regular, continuing activity - not simply an annual
presentation (15).
(e) Literature/Consultation: Literature and consulting
advice concerning chemical hygiene should be readily available to laboratory
personnel, who should be encouraged to use these information resources (14).
Waste
Disposal Program.
(a) Aim: To assure that minimal harm to people, other
organisms, and the environment will result from the disposal of waste
laboratory chemicals (5).
(b) Content (14, 232, 233, 240): The waste disposal
program should specify how waste is to be collected, segregated, stored, and
transported and include consideration of what materials can be incinerated.
Transport from the institution must be in accordance with DOT regulations
(244).
(c) Discarding Chemical Stocks: Unlabeled containers of
chemicals and solutions should undergo prompt disposal; if partially used, they
should not be opened (24, 27). Before a worker's employment in the laboratory
ends, chemicals for which that person was responsible should be discarded or
returned to storage (226).
(d) Frequency of Disposal: Waste should be removed from
laboratories to a central waste storage area at least once per week and from
the central waste storage area at regular intervals (14).
(e) Method of Disposal: Incineration in an
environmentally acceptable manner is the most practical disposal method for
combustible laboratory waste (14, 238, 241). Indiscriminate disposal by pouring
waste chemicals down the drain (14, 231, 242) or adding them to mixed refuse
for landfill burial is unacceptable (14). Hoods should not be used as a means
of disposal for volatile chemicals (40, 200). Disposal by recycling (233, 243)
or chemical decontamination (40, 230) should be used when possible.
E. Basic Rules
and Procedures for Working with Chemicals
The Chemical
Hygiene Plan should require that laboratory workers know and follow its rules
and procedures. In addition to the procedures of the sub programs mentioned
above, these should include the rules listed below.
General Rules
The following
should be used for essentially all laboratory work with chemicals:
(a) Accidents
and spills -
Eye Contact: Promptly flush eyes with water for a prolonged period
(15 minutes) and seek medical attention (33, 172).
Ingestion: Encourage the victim to drink large amounts of water
(178).
Skin Contact: Promptly flush the affected area with water (33, 172,
178) and remove any contaminated clothing (172, 178). If symptoms persist after
washing, seek medical attention (33).
Clean-up. Promptly clean up spills, using appropriate
protective apparel and equipment and proper disposal (24, 33). See pp. 233-237
for specific clean-up recommendations.
(b) Avoidance of
"routine" exposure: Develop
and encourage safe habits (23); avoid unnecessary exposure to chemicals by any
route (23); Do not smell or taste chemicals (32). Vent apparatus which may
discharge toxic chemicals (vacuum pumps, distillation columns, etc.) into local
exhaust devices (199). Inspect gloves (157) and test glove boxes (208) before
use. Do not allow release of toxic substances in cold rooms and warm rooms,
since these have contained recirculated atmospheres (209).
(c) Choice of
chemicals: Use only those chemicals
for which the quality of the available ventilation system is appropriate (13).
(d) Eating,
smoking, etc.: Avoid eating, drinking,
smoking, gum chewing, or application of cosmetics in areas where laboratory
chemicals are present (22, 24, 32, 40); wash hands before conducting these
activities (23, 24). Avoid storage, handling, or consumption of food or
beverages in storage areas, refrigerators, glassware or utensils which are also
used for laboratory operations (23, 24, 226).
(e) Equipment
and glassware: Handle and store
laboratory glassware with care to avoid damage; do not use damaged glassware
(25). Use extra care with Dewar flasks and other evacuated glass apparatus;
shield or wrap them to contain chemicals and fragments should implosion occur
(25). Use equipment only for its designed purpose (23, 26).
(f) Exiting: Wash areas of exposed skin well before leaving the
laboratory (23).
(g) Horseplay: Avoid practical jokes or other behavior which might
confuse, startle or distract another worker (23).
(h) Mouth
suction: Do not use mouth suction for
pipeting or starting a siphon (23, 32).
(i) Personal
apparel: Confine long hair and loose
clothing (23, 158). Wear shoes at all times in the laboratory but do not wear
sandals, perforated shoes, or sneakers (158).
(j) Personal
housekeeping: Keep the work area
clean and uncluttered, with chemicals and equipment being properly labeled and
stored; clean up the work area on completion of an operation or at the end of
each day (24).
(k) Personal
protection: Assure that appropriate
eye protection (154-156) is worn by all persons, including visitors, where
chemicals are stored or handled (22, 23, 33, 154). Wear appropriate gloves when
the potential for contact with toxic materials exists (157); inspect the gloves
before each use, wash them before removal, and replace them periodically (157).
(A table of resistance to chemi als o common glove materials is given p. 159).
Use appropriate (164-168) respiratory equipment when air contaminant
concentrations are not sufficiently restricted by engineering controls (164-5),
inspecting the respirator before use (169). Use any other protective and
emergency apparel and equipment as appropriate (22, 157-162). Avoid use of
contact lenses in the laboratory unless necessary; if they are used, inform
supervisor so special precautions can be taken (155). Remove laboratory coats
immediately on significant contamination (161).
(l) Planning: Seek information and advice about hazards (7), plan
appropriate protective procedures, and plan positioning of equipment before
beginning any new operation (22, 23).
(m) Unattended
operations: Leave lights on, place an
appropriate sign on the door, and provide for containment of toxic substances
in the event of failure of a utility service (such as cooling water) to an
unattended operation (27, 128).
(n) Use of hood: Use the hood for operations which might result in
release of toxic chemical vapors or dust (198-9). As a rule of thumb, use a
hood or other local ventilation device when working with any appreciably
volatile substance with a TLV of less than 50 ppm (13). Confirm adequate hood
performance before use; keep hood closed at all times except when adjustments
within the hood are being made (200); keep materials stored in hoods to a
minimum and do not allow them to block vents or air flow (200). Leave the hood
"on" when it is not in active use if toxic substances are stored in it
or if it is uncertain whether adequate general laboratory ventilation will be
maintained when it is "off" (200).
(o) Vigilance: Be alert to unsafe conditions and see that they are
corrected when detected (22).
(p) Waste
disposal: Assure that the plan for
each laboratory operation includes plans and training for waste disposal (230).
Deposit chemical waste in appropriately labeled receptacles and follow all
other waste disposal procedures of the Chemical Hygiene Plan (22, 24). Do not
discharge to the sewer concentrated acids or bases (231); highly toxic,
malodorous, or lachrymatory substances (231); or any substances which might
interfere with the biological activity of waste water treatment plants, create
fire or explosion hazards, cause structural damage or obstruct flow (242).
(q) Working
alone: Avoid working alone in a
building; do not work alone in a laboratory if the procedures being conducted
are hazardous (28).
Working
with Allergens and Embryotoxins
(a) Allergens (examples: diazomethane, isocyanates, bichromates):
Wear suitable gloves to prevent hand contact with allergens or substances of
unknown allergenic activity (35).
(b) Embryotoxins (34-5) (examples: organomercurials, lead compounds,
formamide): If you are a woman of childbearing age, handle these substances
only in a hood whose satisfactory performance has been confirmed, using
appropriate protective apparel (especially gloves) to prevent skin contact.
Review each use of these materials with the research supervisor and review
continuing uses annually or whenever a procedural change is made. Store these
substances, properly labeled, in an adequately ventilated area in an
unbreakable secondary container. Notify supervisors of all incidents of
exposure or spills; consult a qualified physician when appropriate.
Work
with Chemicals of Moderate Chronic or High Acute Toxicity
Examples:
diisopropylfluorophosphate (41), hydrofluoric acid (43), hydrogen cyanide
(45).Supplemental rules to be followed in addition to those mentioned above
(Procedure B of "Prudent Practices", pp. 39-41):
(a) Aim: To minimize exposure to these toxic substances by
any route using all reasonable precautions (39).
(b)
Applicability: These precautions are
appropriate for substances with moderate chronic or high acute toxicity used in
significant quantities (39).
(c) Location: Use and store these substances only in areas of
restricted access with special warning signs (40, 229). Always use a hood
(previously evaluated to confirm adequate performance with a face velocity of
at least 60 linear feet per minute) (40) or other containment device for
procedures which may result in the generation of aerosols or vapors containing
the substance (39); trap released vapors to prevent their discharge with the
hood exhaust (40).
(d) Personal
protection: Always avoid skin contact
by use of gloves and long sleeves (and other protective apparel as appropriate)
(39). Always wash hands and arms immediately after working with these materials
(40).
(e) Records: Maintain records of the amounts of these materials on
hand, amounts used, and the names of the workers involved (40, 229).
(f) Prevention
of spills and accidents: Be prepared
for accidents and spills (41). Assure that at least 2 people are present at all
times if a compound in use is highly toxic or of unknown toxicity (39). Store
breakable containers of these substances in chemically resistant trays; also
work and mount apparatus above such trays or cover work and storage surfaces
with removable, absorbent, plastic backed paper (40). If a major spill occurs
outside the hood, evacuate the area; assure that cleanup personnel wear
suitable protective apparel and equipment (41).
(g) Waste: Thoroughly decontaminate or incinerate contaminated
clothing or shoes (41). If possible, chemically decontaminate by chemical
conversion (40). Store contaminated waste in closed, suitably labeled,
impervious containers (for liquids, in glass or plastic bottles half-filled
with vermiculite) (40).
Work
with Chemicals of High Chronic Toxicity
(Examples: dimethylmercury
and nickel carbonyl (48), benzo-a-pyrene (51), N-nitrosodiethylamine (54),
other human carcinogens or substances with high carcinogenic potency in animals
(38).) Further supplemental rules to be followed, in addition to all these
mentioned above, for work with substances of known high chronic toxicity (in
quantities above a few milligrams to a few grams, depending on the substance)
(47). (Procedure A of "Prudent Practices" pp. 47-50).
(a) Access: Conduct all transfers and work with these substances
in a "controlled area": a restricted access hood, glove box, or
portion of a lab, designated for use of highly toxic substances, for which all
people with access are aware of the substances being used and necessary
precautions (48).
(b) Approvals: Prepare a plan for use and disposal of these materials
and obtain the approval of the laboratory supervisor (48).
(c)
Non-contamination/Decontamination: Protect
vacuum pumps against contamination by scrubbers or HEPA filters and vent them
into the hood (49). Decontaminate vacuum pumps or other contaminated equipment,
including glassware, in the hood before removing them from the controlled area
(49, 50). Decontaminate the controlled area before normal work is resumed there
(50).
(d) Exiting: On leaving a controlled area, remove any protective
apparel (placing it in an appropriate, labeled container) and thoroughly wash
hands, forearms, face, and neck (49).
(e)
Housekeeping: Use a wet mop or a
vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter instead of dry sweeping if the toxic
substance was a dry powder (50).
(f) Medical
surveillance: If using
toxicologically significant quantities of such a substance on a regular basis
(e.g., 3 times per week), consult a qualified physician concerning desirability
of regular medical surveillance (50).
(g) Records: Keep accurate records of the amounts of these
substances stored (229) and used, the dates of use, and names of users (48).
(h) Signs and
labels: Assure that the controlled
area is conspicuously marked with warning and restricted access signs (49) and
that all containers of these substances are appropriately labeled with identity
and warning labels (48).
(i) Spills: Assure that contingency plans, equipment, and
materials to minimize exposures of people and property in case of accident are
available (233-4).
(j) Storage: Store containers of these chemicals only in a
ventilated, limited access (48, 227, 229) area in appropriately labeled,
unbreakable, chemically resistant, secondary containers (48, 229).
(k) Glove boxes: For a negative pressure glove box, ventilation rate
must be at least 2 volume changes/hour and pressure at least 0.5 inches of
water (48). For a positive pressure glove box, thoroughly check for leaks
before each use (49). In either case, trap the exit gases or filter them
through a HEPA filter and then release them into the hood (49).
(l) Waste: Use chemical decontamination whenever possible; ensure
that containers of contaminated waste (including washings from contaminated
flasks) are transferred from the controlled area in a secondary container under
the supervision of authorized personnel (49, 50, 233).
Animal
Work with Chemicals of High Chronic Toxicity
(a) Access: For large scale studies, special facilities with
restricted access are preferable (56).
(b) Administration
of the toxic substance: When
possible, administer the substance by injection or gavage instead of in the
diet. If administration is in the diet, use a caging system under negative
pressure or under laminar air flow directed toward HEPA filters (56).
(c) Aerosol
suppression: Devise procedures which
minimize formation and dispersal of contaminated aerosols, including those from
food, urine, and feces (e.g., use HEPA filtered vacuum equipment for cleaning,
moisten contaminated bedding before removal from the cage, mix diets in closed
containers in a hood) (55, 56).
(d) Personal
protection: When working in the
animal room, wear plastic or rubber gloves, fully buttoned laboratory coat or
jumpsuit and, if needed because of incomplete suppression of aerosols, other
apparel and equipment (shoe and head coverings, respirator) (56).
(e) Waste
disposal: Dispose of contaminated
animal tissues and excreta by incineration if the available incinerator can
convert the contaminant to non-toxic products (238); otherwise, package the
waste appropriately for burial in an EPA-approved site (239).
F. Safety
Recommendations
The above
recommendations from "EMERGENCY" do not include those which are
directed primarily toward prevention of physical injury rather than toxic exposure.
However, failure of precautions against injury will often have the secondary
effect of causing toxic exposures. Therefore, we list below page references for
recommendations concerning some of the major categories of safety hazards which
also have implications for chemical hygiene:
Corrosive agents: (35-6)
Electrically
powered laboratory apparatus: (179-92)
Fires,
explosions: (26, 57-74, 162-64, 174-5, 219-20, 226-7)
Low
temperature procedures: (26, 88)
Pressurized
and vacuum operations (including use of compressed gas cylinders): (27, 75-101)
G. Material
Safety Data Sheets
Material safety
data sheets are presented in "EMERGENCY" for the chemicals listed
below. (Asterisks denote that comprehensive material safety data sheets are
provided).
* Acetyl peroxide
(105)
* Acrolein (106)
* Acrylonitrile
Ammonia
(anhydrous)(91)
* Aniline (109)
* Benzene (110)
* Benzo[a]pyrene
(112)
* Bis(chloromethyl)
ether (113)
Boron trichloride
(91)
Boron trifluoride
(92)
Bromine (114)
* Tert-butyl
hydroperoxide (148)
* Carbon disulfide
(116)
Carbon monoxide
(92)
* Carbon
tetrachloride (118)
* Chlorine (119)
Chlorine
trifluoride (94)
* Chloroform (121)
Chloromethane (93)
* Diethyl ether
(122)
Diisopropyl
fluorophosphate (41)
* Dimethylformamide
(123)
* Dimethyl sulfate
(125)
* Dioxane (126)
* Ethylene
dibromide (128)
* Fluorine (95)
* Formaldehyde
(130)
* Hydrazine and
salts (132)
Hydrofluoric acid
(43)
Hydrogen bromide (98)
Hydrogen chloride (98)
* Hydrogen cyanide (133)
* Hydrogen sulfide (135)
Mercury and
compounds (52)
* Methanol (137)
* Morpholine (138)
* Nickel carbonyl (99)
* Nitrobenzene (139)
Nitrogen dioxide (100)
N-nitrosodiethylamine
(54)
* Peracetic acid
(141)
* Phenol (142)
* Phosgene (143)
* Pyridine (144)
* Sodium azide (145)
* Sodium cyanide (147)
Sulfur dioxide
(101)
* Trichloroethylene
(149)
* Vinyl chloride
(150)
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Appendix
B to 1910.1450 - References (Non-Mandatory)
The following references
are provided to assist the employer in the development of a Chemical Hygiene
Plan. The materials listed below are offered as non-mandatory guidance.
References listed here do not imply specific endorsement of a book, opinion,
technique, policy or a specific solution for a safety or health problem. Other
references not listed here may better meet the needs of a specific laboratory.
(a) Materials
for the development of the Chemical Hygiene Plan:
American Chemical Society, Safety in Academic Chemistry
Laboratories, 4th edition, 1985.
Fawcett,
H.H. and W.S. Wood, Safety and Accident Prevention in Chemical Operations, 2nd
edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1982.
Flury,
Patricia A., Environmental Health and Safety in the Hospital Laboratory,
Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield IL, 1978.
Green,
Michael E. and Turk, Amos, Safety in Working with Chemicals, Macmillan
Publishing Co., NY, 1978.
Kaufman,
James A., Laboratory Safety Guidelines, Dow Chemical Co., Box 1713, Midland, MI
48640, 1977.
National
Institutes of Health, NIH Guidelines for the Laboratory use of Chemical
Carcinogens, NIH Pub. No. 81-2385, GPO, Washington, DC 20402, 1981.
National
Research Council, Prudent Practices for Disposal of Chemicals from
Laboratories, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1983.
National
Research Council, Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1981.
Renfrew,
Malcolm, Ed., Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, Vol. IV, J. Chem. Ed.,
American Chemical Society, Easlon, PA, 1981.
Steere,
Norman V., Ed., Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, J. Chem. Ed. American
Chemical Society, Easlon, PA, 18042, Vol. I, 1967, Vol. II, 1971, Vol. III,
1974.
Steere,
Norman V., Handbook of Laboratory Safety, the Chemical Rubber Company
Cleveland, OH, 1971.
Young,
Jay A., Ed., Improving Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. New York, 1987.
(b) Hazardous
Substances Information:
American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents
in the Workroom * Environment with Intended Changes, 6500 Glenway Avenue, Bldg.
D-7, Cincinnati, OH 45211-4438.
Annual
Report on Carcinogens, National Toxicology Program U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Public Health Service, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC, (latest edition).
Best
Company, Best Safety Directory, Vols. I and II, Oldwick, N.J., 1981.
Bretherick,
L., Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 2nd edition, Butterworths, London,
1979.
Bretherick,
L., Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 3rd edition, Royal Society of
Chemistry, London, 1986.
Code
of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR part 1910 subpart Z. U.S. Govt. Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402 (latest edition).
IARC
Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of chemicals to Man,
World Health Organization Publications Center, 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, New
York 12210 (latest editions).
NIOSH/OSHA
Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. NIOSH Pub. No. 85-114, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1985 (or latest edition).
Occupational
Health Guidelines, NIOSH/OSHA. NIOSH Pub. No. 81-123 U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC, 1981.
Patty,
F.A., Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,
NY (Five Volumes).
Registry
of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Revised Annually, for sale from
Superintendent of documents US. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
The
Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs. Merck and Company Inc.
Rahway, N.J., 1976 (or latest edition).
Sax,
N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 5th edition, Van Nostrand
Reinhold, NY., 1979.
Sittig,
Marshall, Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals, Noyes Publications. Park
Ridge, NJ, 1981.
(c) Information
on Ventilation:
American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists Industrial * Ventilation (latest edition), 6500 Glenway Avenue,
Bldg. D-7, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211-4438.
American
National Standards Institute, Inc. American National Standards Fundamentals
Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems ANSI Z 9.2-1979
American National Standards Institute, N.Y. 1979.
Imad,
A.P. and Watson, C.L. Ventilation Index: An Easy Way to Decide about Hazardous
Liquids, Professional Safety pp 15-18, April 1980.
National
Fire Protection Association, Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals
NFPA-45, 1982. Safety Standard for Laboratories in Health Related Institutions,
NFPA, 56c, 1980. Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials, 7th edition,
1978. National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA
02269.
Scientific
Apparatus Makers Association (SAMA), Standard for Laboratory Fume Hoods, SAMA
LF7-1980, 1101 16th Street, NW., Washington, DC 20036.
(d) Information
on Availability of Referenced Material:
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 1430
Broadway, New York, NY 10018.
American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA
19103.
(Approved by the
Office of Management and Budget under control number 1218-0131) [55 FR 3327, Jan.
31, 1990]
* [57 FR 29204,
July 1, 1992]
Go
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Hazard Communication Standard Excerpts
29 CFR 1910.1200, Appendices A & B
Title: Health
hazard definitions (Mandatory)
Although safety hazards
related to the physical characteristics of a chemical can be objectively
defined in terms of testing requirements (e.g. flammability), health hazard
definitions are less precise and more
subjective. Health
hazards may cause measurable changes in the body - such as decreased pulmonary
function. These changes are generally indicated by the occurrence of signs and
symptoms in the exposed employees - such as shortness of breath, a
non-measurable, subjective feeling. Employees exposed to such hazards must be
apprised of both the change in body function and the signs and symptoms that
may occur to signal that change.
The determination
of occupational health hazards is complicated by the fact that many of the
effects or signs and symptoms occur commonly in non-occupationally exposed
populations, so that effects of exposure are difficult to separate from
normally occurring illnesses. Occasionally, a substance causes an effect that
is rarely seen in the population at large, such as angiosarcomas caused by vinyl
chloride exposure, thus making it easier to ascertain that the occupational
exposure was the primary causative factor. More often, however, the effects are
common, such as lung cancer. The situation is further complicated by the fact
that most chemicals have not been adequately tested to determine their health
hazard potential, and data do not exist to substantiate these effects.
There have been
many attempts to categorize effects and to define them in various ways.
Generally, the terms "acute" and "chronic" are used to
delineate between effects on the basis of severity or duration.
"Acute" effects usually occur rapidly as a result of short-term
exposures, and are of short duration. "Chronic" effects generally
occur as a result of long-term exposure, and are of long duration.
The acute effects
referred to most frequently are those defined by the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for Precautionary Labeling of Hazardous Industrial
Chemicals (Z129.1-1988) - irritation, corrosivity, sensitization and lethal
dose. Although these are important health effects, they do not adequately cover
the considerable range of acute effects which may occur as a result of
occupational exposure, such as, for example, narcosis.
Similarly, the term
chronic effect is often used to cover only carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and
mutagenicity. These effects are obviously a concern in the workplace, but
again, do not adequately cover the area of chronic effects, excluding, for
example, blood dyscrasias (such as anemia), chronic bronchitis and liver
atrophy.
The goal of
defining precisely, in measurable terms, every possible health effect that may
occur in the workplace as a result of chemical exposures cannot realistically
be accomplished. This does not negate the need for employees to be informed of
such effects and protected from them.
Appendix B, which
is also mandatory, outlines the principles and procedures of hazard assessment.
For purposes of this
section, any chemicals which meet any of the following definitions, as
determined by the criteria set forth in Appendix B are health hazards. However,
this is not intended to be an exclusive categorization scheme. If there are
available scientific data that involve other animal species or test methods,
they must also be evaluated to determine the applicability of the HCS.
"Carcinogen:" A chemical is considered to be
a carcinogen if:
(a) It has been
evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and found
to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen; or
(b) It is listed as
a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens
published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or, (c) It
is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.
"Corrosive:"
A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in,
living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. For example, a
chemical is considered to be corrosive if, when tested on the intact skin of
albino rabbits by the method described by the U.S. Department of Transportation
in appendix A to 49 CFR part 173, it destroys or changes irreversibly the
structure of the tissue at the site of contact following an exposure period of
four hours. This term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces.
"Highly
toxic:" A chemical falling within any of the following categories:
(a) A chemical that
has a median lethal dose (LD(50)) of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body
weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300
grams each.
(b) A chemical that
has a median lethal dose (LD(50)) of 200 milligrams or less per kilogram of
body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if
death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing
between two and three kilograms each.
(c) A chemical that
has a median lethal concentration (LC(50)) in air of 200 parts per million by
volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist,
fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less
if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300
grams each.
"Irritant:"
A chemical, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory
effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. A chemical
is a skin irritant if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the
methods of 16 CFR 1500.41 for four hours exposure or by other appropriate techniques,
it results in an empirical score of five or more. A chemical is an eye irritant
if so determined under the procedure listed in 16 CFR 1500.42 or other
appropriate techniques.
"Sensitizer:"
A chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to
develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the
chemical.
"Toxic."
A chemical falling within any of the following categories:
(a) A chemical that
has a median lethal dose (LD(50)) of more than 50 milligrams per kilogram but
not more than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered
orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
(b) A chemical that
has a median lethal dose (LD(50)) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram but
not more than 1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered by
continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with
the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each.
(c) A chemical that
has a median lethal concentration (LC(50)) in air of more than 200 parts per
million but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or
more than two milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of
mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour
(or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200
and 300 grams each.
"Target
organ effects."
The following is a
target organ categorization of effects which may occur, including examples of
signs and symptoms and chemicals which have been found to cause such effects.
These examples are presented to illustrate the range and diversity of effects
and hazards found in the workplace, and the broad scope employers must consider
in this area, but are not intended to be all - inclusive.
Hepatotoxins: Chemicals which produce liver damage
Signs & Symptoms: Jaundice; liver enlargement
Chemicals: Carbon tetrachloride; nitrosamines
Nephrotoxins:
Chemicals which produce kidney damage
Signs & Symptoms: Edema; proteinuria
Chemicals: Halogenated hydrocarbons; uranium
Neurotoxins:
Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system
Signs & Symptoms: Narcosis; behavioral changes; decrease in motor functions
Chemicals: Mercury; carbon disulfide
Agents
which act on the blood or hemato-poietic system: Decrease hemoglobin function;
deprive the body tissues of oxygen
Signs & Symptoms: Cyanosis; loss of consciousness
Chemicals: Carbon monoxide; cyanides
Agents
which damage the lung: Chemicals which irritate or damage pulmonary tissue
Signs & Symptoms: Cough; tightness in chest; shortness of breath
Chemicals: Silica; asbestos
Reproductive
toxins: Chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal
damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis)
Signs & Symptoms: Birth defects; sterility
Chemicals: Lead; DBCP
Cutaneous
hazards: Chemicals which affect the dermal layer of the body
Signs & Symptoms: Defatting of the skin; rashes; irritation
Chemicals: Ketones; chlorinated compounds
Eye
hazards: Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity
Signs & Symptoms: Conjunctivitis; corneal damage
Chemicals: Organic solvents; acids
Title: Hazard
determination (Mandatory)
The quality of a
hazard communication program is largely dependent upon the adequacy and
accuracy of the hazard determination. The hazard determination requirement of
this standard is performance - oriented.
Chemical
manufacturers, importers, and employers evaluating chemicals are not required
to follow any specific methods for determining hazards, but they must be able
to demonstrate that they have adequately ascertained the hazards of the
chemicals produced or imported in accordance with the criteria set forth in
this Appendix.
Hazard evaluation
is a process which relies heavily on the professional judgment of the
evaluator, particularly in the area of chronic hazards.
The performance -
orientation of the hazard determination does not diminish the duty of the
chemical manufacturer, importer or employer to conduct a thorough evaluation,
examining all relevant data and producing a scientifically defensible
evaluation. For purposes of this standard, the following criteria shall be used
in making hazard determinations that meet the requirements of this standard.
"Carcinogenicity:" As described in paragraph
(d)(4) of this section and Appendix A of this section, a determination by the
National Toxicology Program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer,
or OSHA that a chemical is a carcinogen or potential carcinogen will be
considered conclusive evidence for purposes of this section. In addition,
however, all available scientific data on carcinogenicity must be evaluated in
accordance with the provisions of this Appendix and the requirements of the
rule.
"Human
data:" Where available, epidemiological studies and case reports of
adverse health effects shall be considered in the evaluation.
"Animal
data:" Human evidence of health effects in exposed populations is
generally not available for the majority of chemicals produced or used in the
workplace. Therefore, the available results of toxicological testing in animal
populations shall be used to predict the health effects that may be experienced
by exposed workers. In particular, the definitions of certain acute hazards
refer to specific animal testing results (see Appendix A).
"Adequacy
and reporting of data." The results of any studies which are designed and
conducted according to established scientific principles, and which report statistically
significant conclusions regarding the health effects of a chemical, shall be a
sufficient basis for a hazard determination and reported on any material safety
data sheet. In vitro studies alone generally do not form the basis for a
definitive finding of hazard under the HCS since they have a positive or
negative result rather than a statistically significant finding.
The chemical
manufacturer, importer, or employer may also report the results of other
scientifically valid studies which tend to refute the findings of hazard.
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X-7.00(A) UM POLICY CONCERNING FIRE EMERGENCIES
APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT MARCH 6, 1993
A. Purpose. This is
a statement of official University policy for the reporting of fire emergencies
and for the evacuation of campus buildings during fire emergencies, in
compliance with local, state, and federal regulations.
B. Policy. A fire
emergency exists whenever:
A building fire evacuation alarm is sounding;
An
uncontrolled fire or imminent fire hazard occurs in any building or area of the
campus;
There
is the presence of smoke, or the odor of burning;
There
is spontaneous or abnormal heating of any material, an uncontrolled release of
combustible or toxic gas or other material, or a flammable liquid spill.
C. Procedures.
Campus Buildings
shall be immediately and totally evacuated whenever the building evacuation
alarm is sounding.
Upon discovery of evidence that a fire emergency
exists, an individual shall accomplish, or cause to be accomplished, the
following actions:
(a) SOUND AN ALARM.
Activate the building fire alarm in buildings equipped with a manual fire alarm
system. Shout a warning and knock on doors as you evacuate in buildings not
equipped with a fire alarm.
(b) SHUT OFF ALL
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT IN YOUR AREA.
(c) LEAVE THE
BUILDING AT ONCE.
(d) CALL THE FIRE
DEPARTMENT FROM A SAFE PLACE.
On-Campus phones DIAL 911
Off-Campus
phones and campus pay phones DIAL 911
Use
Campus emergency phones;
Indoors - Yellow
wall phones with red "EMERGENCY" markings (some corridors)
Outdoors - Yellow
phone boxes with red "EMERGENCY" markings, under blue lights.
When
the emergency operator answers, ask for the fire department, give as much
specific information as possible. State that you are from UM and include the
proper name of the building and room number, floor, or other specific area. Do
not hang up until released by the dispatcher. A PHONE CALL MUST BE MADE! ALL
BUILDING FIRE ALARMS DO NOT NOTIFY THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.
(e) MEET THE FIRE
DEPARTMENT OUTSIDE AND DIRECT THEM TO THE EMERGENCY.
(f) ALL FIRES, EVEN
IF EXTINGUISHED OR FOUND EXTINGUISHED, MUST BE REPORTED.
(g) ALL FIRE
ALARMS, EVEN IF SUSPECTED TO BE FALSE OR ACCIDENTAL, MUST BE REPORTED TO THE
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
The
evacuation procedures shall be as follows:
(a) It shall be the
responsibility of every person to immediately leave a University building
whenever the fire alarm is activated or a fire emergency exists.
All students,
faculty, and staff are required to leave the building and remain outside until
the emergency is over. No one shall restrict or impede the evacuation.
(b) Department
heads are expected to review annually fire prevention and fire survival information
with faculty and staff, or to schedule such a presentation with the Department
of Environmental Safety. Such information is available from the Department for
use and distribution.
Whenever
it is brought to the attention of the staff of residential buildings, or
departmental personnel, that the fire alarm or sprinkler system is inoperable
or has been placed out of service, a firewatch shall be established.
(a) Responsible
personnel (residential staff, safety committee, etc.) shall be assigned to the
firewatch.
(b) The entire
building shall be toured at least one time during each hour of the firewatch.
(c) The emergency
dispatcher (405-3555) shall be notified each hour that the watch has been
performed.
(d) The firewatch
shall be maintained at all times that the building is occupied until the fire
protection system is repaired.
INTERRUPTION
OF FIRE ALARM:
(a) No person may
shut off any fire protection or alarm system during a fire emergency incident
without the permission of the fire department officer in charge.
(b) No person may
shut off any fire protection or alarm system during a bomb threat emergency
without the permission of the police officer in charge.
(c) It shall be the
responsibility of the University Facilities Management Department to reset or
repair any fire protection or alarm system after an emergency incident when
notified by the fire or police department in charge. The Facilities Management
shall inspect each such system immediately after every emergency incident and
place the system in serviceable condition.
(d) The fire and
police departments may reset an alarm system only if there is no damage to the
system and when it is within their technical capabilities to do so.
(e) Any person
desiring to interrupt service to any fire protection or alarm system must
obtain permission from the office of Facilities Management, Work Control Center
(405-2222) which shall notify the fire and police departments of every such
interruption.
(f) Fire or police
department must request the Facilities Management to repair or rest a fire
protection system, via the Work Control Center (405-2222).
INFORMATION
RELEASE TO MEDIA AND THE PUBLIC:
All information
regarding University fires will be released through the Department of
Environmental Safety in cooperation with the Public Information Office. No
other University agency or employee may release official statements regarding
the cause, origin, or nature of campus fires.
D. Information
Assistance will be
provided by the Department of Environmental Safety to any Department requiring
help and advice in its implementation of this UM policy.
Work-Related Injury Forms is available by download from the Department of Environmental Safety web site.
Go Back to the Table of Contents
Standard Operating Procedures
(to be attached by Laboratory Supervisor)
.
General SOP
A number of
different operating procedures are employed in the laboratory. These operating procedures include associated
hazards and specific methods that are to be followed. Training for specific procedures can be
obtained from either the laboratory supervisor or the designated trainer. Training must be completed and approved before
work is undertaken. General laboratory
attire, safety glasses, gloves, lab coat. Are to be worn at all times. A book in the laboratory entitled SOP
standard operating procedure has detailed descriptions of specific procedures,
and/or references to pages in other laboratory books where procedures are
described.
The following
procedures have been identified.
General
Operating procedures
5/02/02
In case of an
emergency consider your safety first. If necessary leave the lab and call
for help. 911.
If there is a
leak or accident involving a Fluorine, Bromine, Bromine Pentafluoride, Leave
the lab immediately and call for help 911 and notify me.
Notify me in
the case of any equipment malfunction, chemical spill, equipment breakage,
injuries, etc….. Call me at home if I am not present (301 864 0653) or at
my office (301 405 5043). This means any time of day or night.
Chemical clean
up procedures should follow those outlined in the emergency response guide on
the wall of the lab.
Chemical storage
requirements. Storage of Acids should be in the acid cabinet. Bases
in the base cabinet. Organic solvents in the organic cabinet. Oxidizers
in the oxidizer cabinet.
Access to
these facilities should always be overseen by someone who has received proper
training in the practices of the lab.
When
necessary, chemicals will need to be procured. If this is done, make sure
that the appropriate MSDS are filed in the MSDS folder and that proper
training, safety, and storage precautions are observed in use of the
chemical. Also notify the PI of the introduction of any new chemicals to
the lab.
As waste is
generated it should be properly labeled, stored until pickup, and pickup
arranged according to rules set by the University.
Safety glasses,
lab coats, gloves and face masks are available in or hanging on the cabinet to
the right of the door as you enter the lab.
If an alarm
starts, you should assess the situation and leave the laboratory if this is
indicated by the alarm.
If power goes
out: Call me at home (301 8640653) or office (301 405 5043); Check
volumes that may be presently evacuated but have liquid nitrogen on them.
If necessary, remove the liquid nitrogen. If air has condensed in the
volumes, do not do this, because it will thaw, expand and may overpressure the
volume. Check other equipment and turn off equipment that could be
damaged when power returns.
If the fire
alarm rings: Exit the lab and building.
If the
ventilation system fails, Exit the lab and contact the lab supervisor.
Operating Procedure: Diffusion apparatus
Chrome reduction/Acid Volatile extraction of sulfur from Geologic samples.
Designated trainer:
Sang-Tae Kim
Specific hazards: acids, hydrochloric
acid, chromium chloride hyhydrate, reduced chromium chloride solutions, Zinc acetate solution,
Background: These procedures involve the use of strong
acids and require specific hands on training.
Gloves, lab coat, safety goggles are to be worn for all procedures.
Operating
Procedure: Sang-Tae
Kim
Specific
hazards: acids, hydrochloric acid, Hydriodic,
hypophosphorous, chromium chloride hyhydrate, reduced chromium chloride
solutions, Zinc acetate solution,
cadmium acetate solution, ammonium hydroxide solution
Background: These procedures involve
the use of strong acids and require specific hands on training. Gloves, lab coat, safety goggles are to be
worn for all procedures.
Operating
Procedure: Delta Plus Mass Spectrometer Room 0233
Designated
trainer: J. Farquhar
Sang-Tae Kim
Specific
hazards: electrical, glass, vacuum manifolds, Cryogenic
liquids
Background: The Delta Plus mass spectrometer is a gas-source mass spectrometer
that is to be used for analysis of molecular oxygen gas. Proper training
for the mass spectrometer should be obtained from the Laboratory Manager.
Manuals for the mass spectrometer are located behind the computer that operates
the mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer itself is operated by
computer control (located on the desk beside the instrument), and is attached
to a vacuume extraction manifold that is used for decomposition of silver
nitrate (see SOP below). The reference bulb for the mass spectrometer is
a one liter glass bulb that contains one atmosphere of pressure of molecular
oxygen (research grade). Because both the reference bulb and the
extraction manifold are glass, safety glasses are to be worn at all
times.
Operating
Procedure: MAT 253 Mass Spectrometer and Sulfur
fluorination manifold Room 0233
Designated
trainer: Sang-Tae
Kim,
Specific
hazards: electrical, glass, vacuum manifolds, halogens,
Cryogenic liquids, electrical resistance furnaces
Background: The MAT 253 mass spectrometer is a gas-source mass spectrometer
that is to be used for analysis of sulfur hexafluoride gas. Proper
training for the mass spectrometer should be obtained from the Laboratory
Manager. Manuals for the mass spectrometer are located behind the
computer that operates the mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer
itself is operated by computer control (located on the desk beside the
instrument), and is attached to a vacuume extraction manifold that is used for
decomposition of silver nitrate (see SOP below). The reference bulb for
the mass spectrometer is a one liter glass bulb that contains one atmosphere of
pressure of molecular oxygen (research grade). Because both the reference
bulb and the extraction manifold are glass, safety glasses are
to be worn at all times. The
sulfur fluorination manifold requires
specialized training in handling of reagents and cryogenic liquids.
In Storage
Operating
Procedure: Nitrate
extraction manifold.
Designated
trainer: J Farquhar
Specific
hazards: : electrical, glass, vacuum manifolds, Cryogenic
liquids, electrical resistance furnaces,
Background: The nitrate extraction manifold is the attached to the mass
spectrometer. It consists of a series of valves, an oil diffusion pump, a
mechanical pump, a resistance heated reaction chamber that has uranium glass
feedthroughs and a platinum furnace. Gas is transferred through the
extraction manifold by condensation onto 13X molecular sieve using liquid
nitrogen. Further purifications may be done using other cryogenic
liquids.
apiezon N
and H grease are used to grease the valves and glass joints. A small amount
of N grease may be used on the O-ring glass plug valves as well.
The power
supply produces high amperage, low voltage current that can heat (and weld) any
metal that comes into contact with it. Caution should be observed when
operating the power supply to the resistance heater on the reaction vessel.
Safety
glasses and lab coat are to be worn when operating the glass extraction
manifold.
When the
manifold is operated, the glass waste trap should be kept at liquid nitrogen
temperatures.
Samples of
less than 50 mg of silver nitrate are loaded into silver metal boats that are
crimped and placed into the resistance heater.
Samples are
outgassed for 50 minutes while a preheating routine is undertaken.
To decompose
the samples, the reaction chamber is isolated, liquid nitrogen is placed on the
traps and the collection volume. The current is increased to 12.5 amps on
the resistance heater and the reaction is allowed to proceed for 5
minutes. The transfer of gas is undertaken until complete (using the
thermocouple gauge as a monitor). The sample is then transferred to the
inlet molecular sieve by freezing the inlet sieve with liquid nitrogen (using a
dewar) for 10 minutes. After this the sample is thawed for 10 minutes and
introduced to the mass spectrometer using the mass spectrometer valves.
Product NO2
is transferred to the sample tube and decomposed by introducing Millipore water
to the sample tube. The amounts of nitric acid thus produced are at the
micromolar level.
After the
reaction, the silver boat is to be removed from the reaction chamber and
disposed of in the proper waste container.
The manifold
is to be closed down when not in use by thawing the waste trap to the roughing
pump and by turning off the oil diffusion pump.
Only people
with proper training are authorized to perform these tasks.
You will
require training on proper use of the mass spectrometer and vacuum line that
can be provided by the PI (or other qualified users).
No
engineering controls are required to minimize inhalation hazards
Liquid
nitrogen is a cryogenic liquid and should be handled in small quantities to
minimize the chances of getting cryogenic burns.
We use
silver nitrate in small (milligram) quantities for some procedures.
Silver(I) nitrate (1:1) CAS: 7761-88-8 meets the University of Maryland
definition of a Mutagen for the purpose of the Chemical Hygiene Plan. It was
listed as a mutagen in the "Dangerous Properties of Industrial
Materials", 7th Ed., by N. Irving Sax and Richard J. Lewis. DNA inhibition
system-human:lymphocyte 76 mmol/l
The
following are also listed on its MSDS
Health Rating: 3 - Severe (Poison)
Flammability Rating: 0 - None
Reactivity Rating: 3 - Severe (Oxidizer)
Contact Rating: 3 - Severe (Corrosive)
Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES; LAB COAT; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES
Storage Color Code: Yellow (Reactive)
Power supply
is a low voltage high amperage power supply. Do not allow conductive
materials (metal) to touch any electrical contacts on this device as they will
heat up as a result of high current.
Operating
Procedure: Wet
chemical extraction and isolation of nitrate.
Designated
trainer: J Farquhar
Specific
hazards: acids, hydrochloric acid, silver nitrate,
ion exchange resins,
Background: These procedures involve
the use of acids and require specific hands on training. Gloves, lab coat, safety goggles are to be
worn for all procedures.
Operating Procedure: BrF5 Manifold Filling Station
Designated trainer: J Farquhar
Specific
hazards: Strong oxidizers BrF5, Fluorine Gas,
liquid nitrogen
Background: These procedures involve
the use of strong oxidizers and require specific hands on training. Gloves, lab coat, safety goggles, facemask,
neoprene gloves with leather glove inserts, and neoprene apron are to be worn
for all procedures.
Operating
Procedure: Asprey
Manifold Filling Station.
Designated trainer: J Farquhar
Specific
hazards: Strong oxidizers Fluorine Gas, liquid
nitrogen
Background: These procedures involve
the use of strong oxidizers and require specific hands on training. Gloves, lab coat, safety goggles, facemask,
neoprene gloves with leather glove inserts, and neoprene apron are to be worn
for all procedures.
Designated
users: James Farquhar, Sang-Tae Kim (Nanping
Wu and Harry Oduro with supervision)
Asprey salt regerneration procedures.
The
procedure is in principle relatively straightforward. The aim is to resorb fluorine onto the salt without
adding water to the salt or other contaminants to the salt, and without
releasing fluorine from the parts of the line where it is supposed to be
restricted to.
Start
with all valves closed and check to make sure pump is running.
Step
1: Preparing the system for attaching
the asprey generator.
Note all
valves inside the Safety cabinet all need to be closed.
Important: Treat any pressure in the line as possibly
being fluorine. If you sense that there
is a leak, you should stop, but you should also be aware that HF desorbs from
surfaces at a slow rate and will produce an effect that looks like a leak.
Passivate
the contents of the manifold through the KBr trap (heated to 110 C) and with
all liquid nitrogen traps in place. This
should be done first without the pump open and the pump should not be opened
until the passivation has proceeded for at least 30 minutes.
Pump the
manifold to its ultimate vacuum. This
will vary with the cleanliness of the manifold and the presence of HF and
Step
2: Attach the Aprey generator
The
Asprey generator is attached with a copper vcr gasket and ¼ inch fitting. These fittings are made following procedures
outlined in the Swagelok catalog.
Step
3: Evacuate the air in the space
contained by the vcr fitting that attaches the asprey generator to the
manifold. Let the system pump for at
least 4 hours and heat every so often with a heat gun to mobilize condensables
like HF and Br towards the pump. The
baseline should be reached and the system should not leak.
Step
4: Do a 40 minute leak check (with
liquid nitrogen) to determine if there is a leak in the system.
Step
5: Check the pressure inside the asprey
generator. It should be at vacuum. This checks the integrity of the generator
and of the valve above the generator.
Close the generator.
Step 6:
Passivate the manifold by aiquoting the contents from between the valves in the
fluorine generator into the manifold.
Passivate each aliquot for 30 minutes and then pump to vacuum. Repeat, and on the third time passivate back
to valve in front of the tank.
Step 7
Isolate the manifold from the KBr and transfer the contents of the KBr traps to
the Kel-F trap for Bromine waste.
Step 8
Absorbing fluorine onto the asprey generator.
Open an aliquot from the tank into the manifold and into the asprey
generator. Then close the tank and the
valve in front of the tank.
Step
8b: Start to heat the asprey generator
and raise its temperature to 250 C.
Leave the generator to absorb the fluorine for several days. If the fluorine is absorbed, repeat step
8. Do this stepwise until no more
fluorine is absorbed.
Step 9
cycling the asprey generator. Raise the
temperature to 500 C, when it reaches 500 C, reduce the temperature back to 250
C. This will facilitate reactions that resorb
fluorine onto the salt. If the fluorine
is all resorbed, repeat step 8.
Step
9b: It may be that you suspect oxygen is
in the fluorine, or that HF is poisoning the generator. You should cool the generator to 200 C and
then passivate what is in the headspace for 40 minutes and then slowly
pump the noncondensibles. IF this is the case, pump the asprey
generator for at least 4 hours and use all the liwuid nitrogen traps. Once this is done, you can try to add another
aliquot of fluorine (step 8) and repeat the procedure (steps 8-9).
Step
10: Once this is done, cool the
generator to 200 C and passivate the contents of the manifold and within the
connector, close all valves to the generator and manifold, and remove the
generator to be transferred to the SF6 manifold.
Go
Back to the Table of Contents
Appendix VI
Chemical Inventory
|
Formula |
CAS# |
Manufacturer |
Part number |
Location
|
|
|
Fluorine |
F2 |
778241-1 |
Matheson
Gas |
68300355-2 |
0230 Gas
cabinet 1 |
|
Bromine
Pentafluoride |
BrF5 |
7789-30-2 |
Elf
Atochem |
|
0230 gas
cabinet 2 |
|
Potassium
hexafluornickelate |
K2NiF6.KF |
99688-48-9 |
Elf
Atochem |
|
0230
Glove Box |
|
Sodium
Flouride, Powder |
NaF |
7681-49-4 |
J.T.
Baker |
3688-01 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Chromium
Chloride, 6-Hydrate |
CrCl3~6H2O |
10060-12-5 |
J.T.
Baker |
1588-01 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Potassium
Bromide |
KBr |
7758-02-3 |
Fisher |
P205-500 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Molecular
Sieve 13x |
Sodium
aluminosilicate |
68989-23-1 |
Alltech |
87954 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Carbon,
Activated, Powder |
C |
7440-44-0 |
J.T.
Baker |
E343-07 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Mercuric
Nitrate Monohydrate, granular |
Hg(NO3)2~H2O |
10045-94-0 |
Mallinckrodt |
MK685334 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Cadmium
Acetate, Dihydrate, Crystal |
(CH3COO)2Cd~2H2O |
5743-04-4 |
J.T.
Baker |
1190-04 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Zinc
Acetate |
(CH3COO)2ZN~H2O |
5970-45-6 |
J.T.
Baker |
4296-01 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Zinc, Granular
(30 mesh) |
Zn |
7440-66-6 |
J.T.
Baker |
4248-01 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Silver
Nitrate |
AgNO3 |
7761-88-8 |
VWR |
VW6030-4 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Phenolphtalein |
C6H4COOC(C6H4-4-OH)2 |
77-09-8 |
Fisher |
P79-100 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Tamer Tabs |
|
|
BT
Products |
|
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Potassium
Chloride |
KCl |
7447-40-7 |
Fisher |
P217-500 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Barium
Chloride |
BaCl2 |
10361-37-2 |
J.T.
Baker |
0980-01 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Potassium
Hydroxide |
KOH |
1310-58-3 |
Fisher |
P250-500 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Sodium
Hydroxide |
NaOH |
1310-73-2 |
Fisher |
S318-500 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Sodium
Chloride |
NaCl |
7647-14-5 |
Fisher |
S271-500 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Potassium
Nitrate |
KNO3 |
7757-79-1 |
Fisher |
P263-500 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Sodium
Sulfate, Anhydrous, Granular powder |
Na2SO4 |
7757-82-6 |
J.T.
Baker |
3891-01 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
AG 50W-X8 Resin, 100-200 mesh hydrogen form |
Polystyrene-divinylbenzene
sulfonic acid resin |
69011-20-7 |
Bio-RAD |
142-1441 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
AG 50W-X8
Resin, 100-200 mesh hydrogen form (Poly prep prefilled chromatography) |
Polystyrene-divinylbenzene
sulfonic acid resin |
69011-20-7 |
Bio-RAD |
731-6213 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
AG 2-X8
Resin, 100-200 mesh chloride form |
Polystyrene-divinylbenzene
quaternary ammonium resin |
69011-15-0 |
Bio-RAD |
140-2441 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
AG 1-X8
Resin, 200-400 mesh chloride form (Poly prep prefilled chromatography) |
Polystyrene-divinylbenzene
quaternary ammonium resin |
60177-39-1 |
Bio-RAD |
731-6213 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
AG MP-50 |
Macroporous
Polystyrene-divinylbenzene sulfonic acid resin |
50653-53-9 |
Bio-RAD |
143-0841 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
N-(1-Naphthyl_ethylenediamine
dihydrochloride, 98% |
C12H14N2~2ClH |
1465-25-4 |
Sigma-Aldrich |
222488-5G |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Hydrazine
Sulfate |
H6N2O4S |
10034-93-2 |
Alrdich
Chemical |
21,604-6 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Sulfanilamide |
C6H8N2O2S |
63-74-1 |
Aldrich |
240346-10G |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Sand |
SiO2 |
14808-60-7 |
J.T.
Baker |
3382-01 |
0230 West
Shelf #2 |
|
Ethyl
Alcohol |
|
|
Aaper |
|
0230
Right Hood |
|
Epoxy
Remover |
|
|
|
|
0230
Right Hood |
|
Dimethylformamide |
HCON(CH3)2 |
68-12-2 |
JT Baker |
|
0230
Right Hood |
|
Toluene |
C5H5CH3 |
108-88-3 |
Fisher |
|
0230
Right Hood |
|
Methylene
Chloride |
CH2Cl2 |
75-09-2 |
Fisher |
|
0230
Right Hood |
|
Benzene |
C6H6 |
71-43-2 |
Fisher |
|
0230
Right Hood |
|
1-propanol |
CH3CH2CH2OH |
71-23-8 |
JT Baker |
|
0230
Right Hood |
|
1-propanol |
C3H2OH |
71-23-8 |
Fisher |
|
0230
Right Hood |
|
Acetone |
CH3COCH3 |
67-64-1 |
Aaper |
|
0230
Right Hood |
|
Chromerge |
sulfuric
acid (H2SO4) |
7738-94-5 |
VWR |
21865-000 |
0230
Right Hood |
|
|
chromic
acid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iron
Phosphide |
Fe3P |
12023-53-9 |
alfa
Aesar |
|
230 Right
Hood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
oils |
|
|
|
|
|
|
P3 |
|
|
pfeiffer |
|
230 Right
Hood |
|
edwards-45 |
|
|
edwards |
|
230 Right
Hood |
|
edwards
ultra 19 |
|
|
edwards |
|
230 Right
Hood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Santovac
5 diffusion pump fluid |
|
H0230045 |
BOC
Edwards |
|
0233 E
Wall Cabinets |
|
Edwards
ultra grade 19 mech pump oil |
|
H11025013 |
BOC
Edwards |
|
0233 E
Wall Cabinets |
|
Ethyl
Alcohol 200 proof |
|
|
Aaper |
|
0233 E
Wall Cabinets |
|
Potassium
Bromide |
KBr |
0002-4539 |
International
Crystal Labs |
|
0233 E
Wall Cabinets |
|
Vac seal |
|
|
Space
Environmental Laboratories |
|
0233 E
Wall Cabinets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbon
Dioxide |
CO2 |
124-38-9 |
AirGas |
UN1013 |
0233 Gas
Closet |
|
Helium |
He |
7440-59-7 |
AirGas |
UN1046 |
0233 Gas
Closet |
|
Carbon
Monoxide |
CO2 |
630-08-0 |
AirGas |
UN1016 |
0233 Gas
Closet |
|
Nitrogen |
N2 |
7727-37-9 |
AirGas |
UN1066 |
0233 Gas
Closet |
|
Oxygen |
O2 |
7782-44-7 |
AirProducts |
UN1072 |
0233 Gas
Closet |
|
Sulfur
Hexafluoride |
SF6 |
2551-62-4 |
AirProducts |
UN1080 |
0233 Gas
Closet |
|
Hydrogen |
He |
133-74-0 |
|
|
0233 Gas
Closet |
|
Sulfur
Dioxide |
SO2 |
|
|
|
0233 Gas
Closet |
|
Hydrogen
in Helium |
H (10%) /
He |
see above
for pure gases |
AirProducts |
CSS385550-01 |
0233 Gas
Closet |
|
Carbon
Dioxide in Helium |
CO2 (5%)
/ He |
see above
for pure gases |
AirProducts |
CSS406079-02 |
0233 Gas
Closet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hypophosphoric
Acid |
H3PO4 |
6303-21-5 |
J.T.
Baker |
0178-01 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Hydriodic
Acid |
HI |
10034-85-2 |
Sigma-Aldrich |
06027TA |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Hydrochloric
Acid |
HCl |
7732-18-5 |
J.T.
Baker |
9535-33 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Hydrogen
Peroxide |
H2O2 |
7722-84-1 |
Fisher
Scientific |
FL-08-0900 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Nitric
Acid |
HNO3 |
7697-37-2 |
J.T.
Baker |
9601-01 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Silver
Oxide |
AG2O |
20667-12-3 |
EM
Science |
SX0207-3 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Phosphoric
Acid |
H3PO4 |
7664-38-2 |
J.T.
Baker |
0260 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Silver
Chloride |
AgCl |
7783-90-6 |
Acros
Organics |
21127 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Sodium
Hypochlorite (Bleach) |
NaOCl |
7681-52-9 |
J.T.
Baker |
9416 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Sodium
Hydroxide |
NaOH |
1310-73-2 |
Fisher
Scientific |
55266-1 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Ammonium
Hydroxide |
NH4OH |
1336-21-6 |
J.T.
Baker |
9721-33 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Acetone |
(CH3)2CO |
67-64-1 |
J.T.
Baker |
5008 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Methyl
Alcohol (Methanol) |
CH3OH |
67-56-1 |
Fisher
Scientific |
A412-4 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Hydrogen
Sulfide (Gas) |
H2S |
7783-06-4 |
Matheson
Tri-Gas |
23-1LB |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Methane
(Gas) |
CH4 |
74-82-8 |
Matheson
Tri-Gas |
UN1971 |
0230
Right Closet |
|
Ammonia |
NH3 |
7664-41-7 |
National
Specialty Gases |
034051 |
0230
Right Closet |
Material Safety Data
Chemical inventory (kept as an excel file on lab
computer)
Data sheets are in folder labeled MSDS in cabinet to left of
door as room 0230 is entered. Additional
copies can be found on-line, and in the MSDS folder on the laboratory computer
in 0230.