Department of Geology

Laboratory for Crustal Petrology

Michael Brown, Director
(Full c.v.)
mbrown AT umd.edu
Google Scholar user profile


Sheeted leucogranite complex comprising migmatitic orthogneiss (lighter, gray-colored), migmatitic paragneiss (darker, brown-colored) and leucogranite.

Research
Affiliated Researchers
Graduate Students
Visiting Researchers
Completed Theses
Recent Publications
Goldschmidt2013


RESEARCH top

Research in the Laboratory for Crustal Petrology is concerned with the origin and evolution of the Earth’s crust, including the pressure-temperature-time-deformation (P-T-t-d) history of crustal rocks and the processes of mass transfer within the crust during orogenesis, crust-mantle interactions and secular change. Currently, we have a particular interest in granulite facies metamorphism, particularly high-pressure granulite and ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism.


Coarse-grained garnet with sapphirine + cordierite symplectite from xenolith of Mg–Al granulite. From Anakapalle quarry, Eastern Ghats Province, India.

UHT migmatitic residual granulite; leucosomes include peritectic garnet rimmed by hypersthene. From road section west of Salur, Eastern Ghats Province, India.

Migmatitic residual granulite; leucosomes include peritectic hypersthene rimmed by garnet. From hill west-northwest of Garbham, Eastern Ghats Province, India.

Patchy (‘arrested’) charnockite in leptynitic gneisses. From Kottavattom quarry, Trivandrum Block, Southern Granulite Terrane, India.

In the Laboratory for Crustal Petrology, our interests span the fields of mineralogy and petrology, microstructures, structural geology and tectonics, and geochemistry. Our work involves integration between field studies and laboratory studies [CSS 3258 and 3261, the Geochemistry Laboratories and the Electron Probe Microanalyzer Facility within the Nanoscale Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Properties Lab (http://www.nanocenter.umd.edu/labs/nisplab.php)], and theoretical analysis and modeling (e.g. phase equilibria modeling and petrological–thermomechanical numerical modeling).


Sill and dike network in stromatic metatexite migmatite at Maigetter Peak (height 480m) in the Fosdick Mountains of West Antarctica.

Basler aircraft with southwest Mt Bitgood behind and camp 2 (2011 field season) with southeast Mt Lockhart behind in the Fosdick Mountains of West Antarctica.

Areas of active work include: the Fosdick migmatite–granite complex in Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica; the Eastern Ghats Province, part of the Eastern Ghats Belt in India; and, the Lewisian Complex of Scotland.

Animated CT Images of Migmate Samples
The animated gif to the left of gray scale inverted images of 112 HR X-ray CT scans of the migmatitic garnet amphibolite. First and last slices are outlined in white. Animation cycles from first to last slice (Movie 10 Mb; GIF).

Animation of projection of false-color three-dimensional image of stromatic migmatite, derived from the stack of two-dimensional representations of the HR X-ray CT scans, created using VoxBlast® . A scale bar is not presented because these are projections of a three-dimensional image (Fig. 4(b) contains the scale for the first image in the stack). The leucosome is rendered transparent in this image. The color of the solid part of the image is brighter for material with higher mineral density, with garnet appearing yellow (Download Movie: 3MB MP4).

More information on these migmate images is available in the article:
Brown, M.A., Brown, M., Carlson, W.D. and Denison, C., 1999. Topology of syntectonic melt flow networks in the deep crust: inferences from three-dimensional images of leucosome geometry in migmatites. American Mineralogist, 84, 1793-1818.

Recent Presentations

Models for Proterozoic orogenesis, with particular reference to the Eastern Ghats Province, India–Rayner Province, East Antarctica (59MB PPT)

Granite: from genesis to emplacement (123MB PPT)

Secular change and the crust–mantle lithosphere system: The view from the top down (38MB PPT)

Metamorphism in accretionary orogens (37MB PPT)


MARYLAND RESEARCHERS AFFILIATED WITH THE LABORATORY FOR CRUSTAL PETROLOGY top

Piccoli, Philip M. ( piccoli AT umd.edu piccoli AT umd.edu) (Nanoscale Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Properties Lab (NISPLab), Electron Probe Microanalyzer Facility; Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research)


GRADUATE STUDENTS (current) top

Advisor: Brown, Michael

Yakymchuk, Chris
Ph.D. Project: “Anatexis and crustal differentiation: Insights from the Fosdick migmatite–granite complex, West Antarctica” (co-advised with Dr P.M. Piccoli)

Brown, Caitlin
M.S. Project: "Geochemistry of granites and related rocks from the Fosdick migmatite–granite complex, West Antarctica" (co-advised with Dr R.J. Walker)


VISITING RESEARCHERS (current) top

Johnson, Tim (Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany)


COMPLETED THESES (1994-present) top

Advisor: Brown, Michael

Burgess, J.L., Metamorphic studies in the Port aux Basques Area, SW Newfoundland, Canada.
Awarded M.S. in 1994.

Pressley, R.A., Petrogenesis of the Phillips pluton, west-central Maine.
Awarded M.S. in 1997.

Solar, G.S., Structural and petrologic investigations in the Central Maine Belt, west-central Maine, with special reference to the migmatites.
Awarded PhD in 1999.

Tian, J., A geological and geochemical study of the Mooselookmeguntic composite pluton, west-central Maine and east-central New Hampshire.
Awarded M.S. in 2000.

Chen, Y., The P–T–t history of a Barrovian sequence in Dutchess County, New York, and the adjacent part of Connecticut.
Awarded M.S. 2009 (Joint with Dr. P.M. Piccoli)

Reno, B., Timing of orogenesis in the Southern Brasília Belt.
Awarded Ph.D. 2009 (Joint with Dr. P.M. Piccoli)


RECENT PUBLICATIONS (2008-present) top

Baldwin, J.A. and Brown M., 2008. Age and duration of ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the Anápolis-Itauçu Complex, southern Brasília Belt, Central Brazil – constraints from U–Pb geochronology, mineral rare earth element chemistry and trace-element thermometry. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 26, 213-233. pdf

Brown, M., 2008. Metamorphic conditions in orogenic belts: a record of secular change. In: Metamorphic Conditions Along Convergent Plate Junctions: Mineralogy, Petrology, Geochemistry and TectonicsThe J.G. Liou Volume. Ernst, W.G. and Rumble, III, D. (eds). Bellweather Publishing, Ltd. for the Geological Society of America, International Book Series, Volume 10, 24-65.

Brown, M., 2008. Granites, migmatites and residual granulites: Relationships and processes. In: Working with Migmatites, Sawyer, E.W. and Brown, M., (eds). Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Series, Vol. 38, 97-144.

Brown, M., 2008. Characteristic thermal regimes of plate tectonics and their metamorphic imprint throughout Earth history: When did Earth first adopt a plate tectonics mode of behavior? In: When Did Plate Tectonics Begin? Condie, K. and Pease, V. (eds). Geological Society of America Special Paper 440, 97-128. pdf

Penniston-Dorland, S.C., Wing, B.A., Nex, P.A.M., Kinnaird, J.A., Farquhar, J., Brown, M. and Sharman, E.R., 2008. Multiple sulfur isotopes reveal a magmatic orogen for the Platreef platinum group element deposit, Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Geology, 36, 979-982. pdf

Brown, M. and Korhonen, F.J., 2009. Some remarks on melting and extreme metamorphism of crustal rocks. In: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior. Gupta, A.K. and Dasgupta, S. (eds). Published for the Indian National Science Academy by Springer, pp. 67-88. pdf

Reno, B.L., Brown, M., Kobayashi, O.T., Nakamura, E., Piccoli, P.M. and Trouw, R.A.J., 2009. Eclogite–high-pressure granulite metamorphism records early collision in West Gondwana: New data from the Southern Brasília Belt, Brazil. Journal of the Geological Society, 166, 1013-1032. pdf

Brown, M., 2009. Metamorphic patterns in orogenic systems and the geological record. In: Accretionary Orogens in Space and Time. Cawood, P.A. and Kröner, A. (eds). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 318, 37-74. pdf

Brown, M., 2010. The spatial and temporal patterning of the deep crust and implications for the process of melt extraction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 368, 11-51. pdf

Korhonen, F., Saito, S., Brown, M., Siddoway, C. and Day, J., 2010. Multiple generations of granite in the Fosdick Mountains, Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica: Implications for polyphase intracrustal differentiation in a continental margin setting. Journal of Petrology, 51, 627-670. pdf

Johnson, T.E., Brown, M. and White, R.W., 2010. Petrogenetic modelling of strongly residual metapelitic xenoliths within the southern Platreef, Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 28, 269-291. pdf

Sizova, E., Gerya, T., Brown, M., and Perchuk, L., 2010. Subduction styles in the Precambrian: Insight from numerical experiments. Lithos, 116, 209-229. pdf

Korhonen, F., Saito, S., Brown, M., and Siddoway, C., 2010. Modeling multiple melt loss events in the evolution of an active continental margin. Lithos, 116, 230-248. pdf

Brown, M., 2010. Paired metamorphic belts revisited. Gondwana Research, 18, 46-59. pdf

Brown, M., 2010. Geodynamic regimes and tectonic settings for metamorphism: Relationship to the supercontinent cycle. Indian Journal of Geology, 80, 3-21. pdf

Brown M., 2010. Melting of the continental crust during orogenesis: The thermal, rheological and compositional consequences of melt transport from lower to upper continental crust. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 47, 655-694. pdf

Reno, B.L., Brown, M. and Piccoli, P.M., 2010. 40Ar/39Ar chronology of high-pressure granulite nappes in the Southern Brazília Belt, Brazil: Implications for nappe exhumation. American Journal of Science, 310, 1294-1332. pdf

Johnson, T.E., White, R.W. and Brown, M., 2011. A year in the life of an aluminous metapelite xenolith—The role of heating rates, reaction overstep, H2O retention and melt loss. Lithos, 124, 132-143. pdf

Sawyer, E.W., Cesare, B. and Brown, M., 2011. When the Continental Crust Melts. Elements, 7, 229-234. [Also translated into Chinese] pdf

Brown, M., Korhonen, F.J. and Siddoway, C.S., 2011. Organizing Melt Flow through the Crust. Elements, 7, 261-266. [Also translated into Chinese] pdf

Korhonen, F., Saw, A.K., Clark, C., Brown, M., and Bhattacharya, S., 2011. New constraints on UHT metamorphism in the Eastern Ghats Province through the application of mineral equilibria modelling and in situ geochronology. Gondwana Research, 20, 764-781. pdf

Reno, B.L., Piccoli, P.M., Brown, M. and Trouw, R., 2012. In situ chemical dating of monazite from the Southern Brazília Belt, Brazil. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 30, 81-112. pdf

Korhonen, F.J., Brown, M., Grove, M., Siddoway, C.S., Baxter, E.F., and Inglis, J.D., 2012. Placing constraints on the timing of melting and melt loss events during polymetamorphism in the Fosdick migmatite–granite complex, West Antarctica. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 30, 165-192. pdf

Brown, M., 2012. Introduction to a virtual special issue on crustal melting. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 30, 453–456. pdf

Johnson, T., Fischer, S., White, R., Brown, M. and Rollinson, H., 2012. Intracrustal Differentiation from Partial Melting of Metagabbro – Field and Geochemical Evidence from the Central Region of the Neoarchaean Lewisian Complex, NW Scotland. Journal of Petrology, 53, 2115–2138. pdf

Sizova E., Gerya T., and Brown M., 2012. Exhumation mechanisms of melt-bearing ultrahigh pressure crustal rocks during collision of spontaneously moving plates. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 30, 927–955. pdf

Saito, S., Brown, M., Korhonen, F.J., McFadden, R.R., and Siddoway, C.S., 2012. Petrogenesis of Cretaceous mafic intrusive rocks, Fosdick Mountains, West Antarctica: Melting of the sub-continental arc mantle along the Gondwana margin. Gondwana Research, 00, 000–000 (Available online 14 August 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.08.002). pdf

Sharman, E.R., Penniston-Dorland, S.C., Kinnaird, J.A., Nex, P.A.M., Brown, M., and Wing, B.A., 2013. Primary origin of marginal Ni-Cu-(PGE) mineralization in layered intrusions: Δ33S evidence from the Platreef, Bushveld, South Africa. Economic Geology (in press).

Korhonen, F., Clark, C., Brown, M., Bhattacharya, S. and Taylor, R., 2013. Long-lived ultrahigh temperature (UHT) metamorphism in the Eastern Ghats orogenic belt, India: Constraints from zircon and monazite geochronology. Precambrian Research, 000, 000–000 (Available online 20 December 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.12.001).

Sizova E., Gerya T., and Brown M., 2013. Contrasting styles of Phanerozoic and Precambrian continental collision. Gondwana Research, 00, 000–000 (Available online 7 January 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.011). pdf


WORKSHOP: APPLYING PHASE EQUILIBRIA MODELLING TO ROCKS, 24-25 AUGUST 2013

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This workshop on applying phase equilibria modelling to rocks is for metamorphic geologists who already have some experience of using phase equilibria calculation software. The focus will be on methodological aspects, and not on using specific software. The workshop will be held at the University of Florence during 24-25 August 2013 (arrive pm 23 August, depart am 26 August, unless staying for the conference). The number of participants will be limited to ensure adequate time for questions/answers and informal discussions.

The fee per participant is 150 euro, which covers the cost of coffee breaks (x 4), lunches (x 2), and a Tuscan dinner on Saturday 24 August. Registration for the workshop will be via the Goldschmidt2013 web site during the period late February 2013, when online registration opens, and June 25 2013, when early registration finishes. Accommodation costs (bed and breakfast) are to be met by individuals.

During day 1 Professors Roger Powell (University of Melbourne, Australia) and Richard White (University of Mainz, Germany), and possibly others, will address the following topics. Principles and data (thermodynamics of end-members of phases (datasets): methodology and problems; activity-composition relations: methodology and problems; phase diagram principles: grids, compatibility diagrams, and pseudosections). Application to geological problems (thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the context of metamorphic processes: local equilibrium/size of equilibration 'volume', and conjugate variables/choice of phase diagram). Application of phase equilibria to rocks (interpretation of petrographic features; constraining P–T conditions/paths, for calculating fluid/melt production/loss, interpretation of reaction textures; relating field information, petrography and mineral chemistry to phase diagrams; the importance of separating the model from nature).

Day 2 will comprise short oral presentations and posters that showcase studies addressing particular problems. Registrants who are interested in contributing to Day 2 should send a title and short abstract to the Co-conveners before 25 June 2013 (the registration deadline); please state whether you are requesting an oral presentation or a poster. We hope to make space available for posters to be on display throughout both days of the workshop. The final program for Day 2 will be posted here by mid July.

The workshop will finish in time for participants who are staying for the Goldschmidt conference to attend the icebreaker.

Michael Brown, University of Maryland, USA (mbrown@umd.edu)
Bernardo Cesare, University of Padua, Italy (bernardo.cesare@unipd.it)
Co-conveners